VASILEON PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Vasileos Makedononv

VASILEOS OF MAKEDONIA,
FOUNDER OF THE MAKEDONIAN PHALANGE,
ARHONTON OF DZETSALIA (TESSALIA),
FOUNDER AND AGAMEMNON OF THE LEAGUE OF DZE,
HE WHO UNITED THE SIXTEEN MAKEDONIAN TRIBES IN ONE STATE AND TAKE THE TITLE '' MAKEDONON'',
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL MAN IN DZEIA (EUROPE)

VASILEOS  MAKEDONON  PHILIPPOY 

Affront your enemy, face to face ... with the same weapons ... and after you defeat him, respect him and make him your friend, on the contrary, if not you are not A MAKEDONIAN 

,... When my father found you, you were wandering and poor, dressing in animal skins and grazing a few sheep on the mountain slopes.

He found you when you defended yourself with little success from the Illyrians, the Tribals and the Thracians.
Instead of your animal skins, he dressed you in robes. From the mountains, bring you down to the lowlands. But most of all, give you the courage, the courage to fight the barbarians, who were everywhere.

You no longer rush to take refuge in remote places and in the crevices of the rocks of your impregnable mountain fortress. You stood firm on the ground and fought for what justly belonged to you....
...

Your son Alexandroy Makedonon, the glorious Vasileon of Makedon, by the Mercy of God, unthil to India, who trampled them, gave us eternity.

Ey, Philippoy, OY, OY, EY, Makedonon, HE IS, Vasileon Makedon.

Filippoy Makedonon

     

 

ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ   ФIΛIY  - B - BTOРI  MAKEΔNΩN  - Ancient Makedonian (KOINON MAKEDONON) alphabet - the letter '' B '' was number 2, the number '' 2 '' is Arabic number, meaning later

ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ  MAKEΔNΩN  ФIΛIY
It is the official name and is unique, there is no need for "numbers"

 

BACИЛEOC ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ

 

  THE MAKEDONIAN SUN WITH SIXTEEN  SOLAR  RAYS   FOR FIRST TIME INTRODUCED BY VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY   - MAKEDONON, (purpose Makedon?)  WHO REPRESENTS UNIFICATION OF SIXTEEN MAKEDONIAN TRIBES IN ONE STATE  BY VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY  THE MAKEDONIAN KING. Than for OF GRATITUDE FROM THE MAKEDONIANS HAS RECEIVED THE TITLE:

>>>> MAKEDONON (MAKEDON HE) <<<<

 

THE MOST GLORIOUS TITLE THAT MAY RECEIVE ONE MAKEDONIAN VASILEOS - KING, BY THE MAKEDONIANS.

МАКЕДОНСКОТО СОНЦЕ НA ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ - ОД древниот македонски град Еге

THE MAKEDONIAN SUN OF VASILEOS PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON - THE MAKEDONIAN from the ancient Makedonian capital AGA

АGА, not Aegea or ''vegina''

The Makedonian tribe who Vasileos Makedonon Philipoy who he had unified, it's

Agaians
(From Aga),

Almopians
(From Almopija)

Bellasti
(From Bellas),

Berdikans
(From Ber),

Belagonians
(From Belagon),

Ilimaians
(From Ilimaia),

Linkestians
(From Link),

Orestians
(From Orest),

Payonians
(From Payonia),

Halkideons
(From the Peninsula Halkideon),

Molosians
(From Molosi - Achilea),

Madzeians
(From Madzeia - Southeastern Dzena and Northwestern Dzenika (Southeastern Europe and Northwestern Asia Minor), therefore the Makedonian vasileos Philippoy Makedonon planned a campaign on Persia, to liberate them. The Madzeians can also be considered the (the Brigians) Phrygians. There were other colonies of Makedonians in Dzenica, the Makedonian colonies colonized earlier),

Thracians
(From Thrace)

Tribalians
(From Tribalion),

Ilirians
(From Iliria ) and

Dardanians
(From Dardania, they were a kind of Illyrian).

Their common feature is that they worshiped the Goddess Great Mother - MA.

 BEFORE THE UNIFICATION THE MAKEDONIAN SUN WAS WITH EIGHT SOLAR RAYS, joined symbolically by rays around (Dze) the ruler:

Agaians
(From Aga),

Almopians
(From Almopija)

Bellasti
(From Bellas),

Berdikans
(From Ber),

Belagonians
(From Belagon),

Ilimaians
(From Ilimaia),

Linkestians
(From Link),

Orestians
(From Orest).

 

Glori Vasileos of Makedonia everyone knows you, Lipy (beautiful).

Ey Philippy - Lipy Makedon, Vasileos Makedonon.

 

Born to us mother Makedonia
another Vasileon Makedonon, ON, ON,.. Lipy.

Ey Philippy - Lipy Makedonon, Vasileos Makedon ON, ON
.

In countless battles,
Makedonian name celebrated.

Your son Alexandroy Makedonon, the glorious Vasileon of Makedon,
by the Mercy of God, unthil to India, who trampled them, gave us eternity.

Ey, Philippoy, OY, OY, EY, Makedonon, HE, IS, Vasileon Makedon.

 

Born to us mother Makedonia
another Vasileon Makedonon, ON, ON,.. Lipy.

Ey Philippy - Lipy Makedonon, Vasileos Makedon ON, ON
.

Makedonia regretfully for you, son of Makedon.
Ey, Philippoy, OY, OY, EY, Makedonon, HE, IS, Vasileon Makedon.

 

Born to us mother Makedonia
another Vasileon Makedonon, ON, ON,.. Lipy.

Ey Philippy - Lipy Makedonon, Vasileos Makedon ON, ON
.

 

Makedonian is eternal name will never perish.
We give a head, we do not give Makedonia and a Makedonian name.

Makedonia regretfully for you son of Makedon.
Ey, Philippoy, OY, OY, EY, Makedonon, HE, IS, Vasileon Makedon.

VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY 

VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY

 

VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY

'' - When my father found you, you were wandering and poor, dressing in animal skins and grazing a few sheep on the mountain slopes.

He found you when you defended yourself with little success from the Illyrians, the Tribals and the Thracians.
Instead of your animal skins, he dressed you in robes. From the mountains, bring you down to the lowlands. But most of all, give you the courage, the courage to fight the barbarians, who were everywhere.

You no longer rush to take refuge in remote places and in the crevices of the rocks of your impregnable mountain fortress. You stood firm on the ground and fought for what justly belonged to you.

He made you colonizers and introduced laws and customs that not only took care of your safety, but also brought the dawn of a new era of culture and living. From slaves and impoverished subjects, he made you rulers not only of your land but also of the barbarians who had previously threatened to devastate your property and seize your benefits..


He made you rulers of the Dzetsalians, of whom you have always had a deep and mortal fear. With his victory over the Phocians, he secured our access to the Peloponnese of Dze through roads that were wide and passable, not narrow and inaccessible.


He humiliated the Adzaians and Dzevans to such an extent that in that campaign, I personally helped him in Aronea so that instead of these nations constantly attacking Makedonia and paying taxes to the former and living as vassals of the latter, they now rely on of our assistance and intervention to ensure their safety.

He invaded the Dze Peninsula and, after securing control over their affairs, was elected commander-in-chief of the entire Peninsula of Dze in the expedition against the Persians, a glory which he not only appropriated for himself, but also bestowed on the entire Makedonian nation.''....

FILIPPOY - F I LIP P OY

- F - F, was ancient God through which are is demonstrated the power
- I - and
- LIP - the most beautiful
- OY - оy

Handsome and the most beautiful - FILIP.

PHILIP MAKEDON SKI
SKI - n'SKI - OUR
So Philip is "Makedonon - Makedonski", it is a title and not a surname, given by the Makedonians to the Makedonian Vasileos Philip and in that wey became "Makedonon - Makedonski", the title is transferred to his blood followers, his son vasileon Alexandoy and his grandson vasileos Alexandoy (the Younger). They are "Makedonon - Makedonski", after them the rest of the Makedonian rulers are not "Makedonon - Makedonski" as a title and are usurpers of the Makedonian throne, any way and they are Makedonians.


 ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ

VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY  мечот на ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ  VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY VASILEOS MAKEDONON FILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY

VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY

PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON - VASILEOS MAKEDONON

PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON - VASILEOS MAKEDONON

PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON - VASILEOS MAKEDONON, the most beautiful man in Dzeia at the time

PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON - VASILEOS MAKEDONON, the most beautiful man in Dzeia at the time

This is a fake medallion by Island of Dze (Tasso). Greeks caught forging

This is not an antique medallion, but has been presented as such by forgers

PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON - VASILEOS MAKEDONON

PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON - VASILEOS MAKEDONON

 

 

 

VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY

THE Ceremonial shield of the VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY

THE Ceremonial shield of the VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY

 Филип Македонски

 Филип Македонски

       Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy - Philip of Makedon - Philip  The Makedonian - Philip of Makedonia (382-336 BC) is the vasileoc (ruler-king) of Makedonia (ruled 359-336 BC). Born in BELLAS - illuminated,  BELLASTI - the illuminated - (not Pella) in 382 BC, he was the youngest son of vasileos Amyntoy Third and the vasilitsa (vasilissas) - the Queen Eurydice. In his youth (c. 368-365 BC) he was a hostage in Dzeva, the leading city-state at the time. During his stay there he was held hostage to military and diplomatic experience by Epamonid, a Dzevan warlord. Here she befriends the commander of the Dzevan Holy Battalion and teaches her military tactics on the ground. 

Epamonid, a Dzevan warlord

The Dzevan Holy Battalion 

The Battalion Sacred was a elite Dzevan army consists of 150 pairs of homosexual lovers, according to Plutarch (in "Life of Pelopidas"), the Dzevan commander Geordi, the battalion was created because it was believed that every man would be motivated to fight the best of its ability both to protect her lover, or to avoid dishonor to him. It was well equipped, each soldier was equipped with: armor, helmet, shield, sword and spear, was the best tactically trained military force at the time.

Plutarch explains the motivation of the use of this "Army of Lovers" in battle:

 " When danger looms 
    men of the same tribe 
    or at least keep the same family 
    account of the life of his fellow men, but a group 
    which consolidated the friendship rooted 
    love never melts and is invincible 
   since the lovers, for fear of appearing 
   petty in the eyes of their loved ones, 
   and loved for the same reason, will face 
   welcomes the danger to succor each other."  

Also according to Plutarch, Geordi initial deployment of the pairs within the avant-garde Dzevan Sacred Battalion as chosen soldiers, to reinforce the resolve of others. But after the Battalion distinguished itself in the battle of Tegirira, Pelopide use as a kind of private guard. For nearly 33 years, Sacred Dzevan Battalion suffered no defeats and played an important role in the Dzevan infantry.

The moment of defeat came at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), the decisive battle in which vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and his son vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy put an end to the hegemony of the thise city-state.

     In youth Philip had been a prisoner of war in Dzeva, and there he learned military tactics. The rest of the Dzevan army retreated before the army of the Makedonian vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and his son Alexandroy Makedonon, but the Sacred Battalion, surrounded by nothing and decided to surrender, remained in the field and fell in battle. Plutarch tells us that the sight of dead bodies piled members of the Battalion, and having understood who they were, the Makedonian vasileos Makedonon Philippoy said:

"Well be put to death anyone who suspects that these men did or suffered anything unseemly!''

Although Plutarch claims that the three hundred men of the Battalion were killed the same day, other authors consider that died and 244 others were injured. A news confirmed by the excavation of the pit comunedi Chaeronea, in which 244 skeletons were discovered, arranged in seven rows. This collective burial is indicated by a stone lion (discovered in 1818), replication of polyandreion Thespini.

 Филип Македонски Voioan (Boeotian) shield - coin

    

Short for the city state Dzeva
-----------------

   The founder of Dzeva it's  Cadmo one phoenix  king and his descendants, with a great army came to Voia (Boeotia) previously province of the Pelasgians (inhabited by whites), looking for his sister Dzaia (Europa).
 

The remains of the palace of Cadmus in Dzeva (now in ruins) it's around 1400 to 1200 BC.

SO DZEVANS WERE PHOENICIANS.


 The ancient Dzevans were descendants of the people of Phoenix.

 The city Dzeva was totally destroyed by Makedonian vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy, the inhabitants killed and sold as slaves and the territory was divided among the other cities.

 Before his death, vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy in his Testament, order to be renovated the city of Dzeva, who has given money to do this.

The vasileos (king) of Makedonia, Cassandroy renewed the city but now without any military-political influence.

--------------------

 

       The death of his older brothers vasileos Alexandroy SECOND and vasileos Berdikoy THIRD enabled him to ascend the Makedonian throne in 359 BC. Originally appointed regent of his underage nephew Amyntoy FOURTH, he would succeed in taking full power.

     Philippoy 359  BC, COMING TO GOVERNMENT AT THE MOST DIFFICULT MOMENT FOR MAKEDONIA.

At the age of 23, Philipoy was appointed educator (regent) of his minor nephew vasileos Amyntoy FOURTH, but later ws recognized as vasileos - ruler of Makedonia from the Makedonian People's Assembly, in addition to having other successors to this position such as some Makedonian officers, half-brothers by his mother side Eurydice: Archely, Aridey and Meneley. The first was killed by vasileos Philippoy and the other two escaped persecution in Olindzeion.

At that moment, Makedonia was attacked from all sides, and parts occupied by the Illyrians, the Thracians while the Adzaians unloaded their army in the naval part under the leadership of another heir to the Makedonian throne named Argoy, who promised to the Adzaians the city of Amphipolition.

Although young vasileos Philippoy proved to be a good diplomat. He bribed the Thracian ruler with gifts, so he turned against Argoy as the most dangerous at the moment. The Adzaians warlord Mantia, who came to the port of Madzeon with 3,000 kopliti - infantry soldiers, but remained in place, Argoy marched supported by mercenaries to Aga (Aegea), (the ancient Makedonian capital) but in the city did not receive support from the people and had to retreat to Madzeon. On the way, vasileos Philippoy set a trap for him and completely defeated him in 359 BC. Vasileos Philippoy, however, immediately withdrew the Makedonian garrison from Amphipolition for peace and carried out military reforms in Makedonia in order to consolidate his power.

 

Makedonia before governed by vasileos Makedonon Philippoy

Reforms  

Shortly after coming to power, Makedonian vasileos Philippoy carried out reforms in the country and introduced a permanent paid army with the famous Makedonian phalanx, as a basic military unit, and also introduced cavalry, devices for siege of cities, devices for throwing stones and arrows. His military capabilities contributed to Makedonia becoming a regional power.  

     The army of Makedonia in the time of Makedonian vasileos Philippoy is considered one of the most magnificent military forces of the ancient world. Their perfection was first shown under the leadership of Makedonian ruler vasileos Philippoy.

The great innovations of weapons and tactics devised by vasileos Philippoy of Makedonia were the main factors for the greatness and success of the Makedonian army. Makedonian vasileos Philippoy turned the war into a way of life for many Makedonians, who until then saw the army as a part-time job working outside the agricultural season. By making the military a real full-time job. Vasileos Philippoy was able to train his troops regularly, building unity and cohesion. This created the best military machinery ever seen, thanks to time and effort devoted to maneuveringand military innovation.



     

Tactical innovations include the use of the phalanx, as well as coordinated attacks and tactics between the phalanx (infantry), cavalry, archers, and siege machinery.

 

One of their weapons was SORIOSA - a spear - Sor and Osa, which provided many offensive and defensive advantages to the Makedonian army.

THE MAKEDONIAN PHALANH   

Wrought iron helmet from the Makedonian phalanx from the time of vasileos Philippoy of Makedonia, found in 1998 at the place Isap Mrvinci  Wrought iron helmet from the Makedonian phalanx from the time of vasileos Philippoy of Makedonia, found in 1998 at the place Isap Mrvinci

Wrought iron helmet from the Makedonian phalanx from the time of vasileos Philippoy of Makedonia, found in 1998 at the place Isap Mrvinci

The Makedonian Phalanx

Fragment of a relief from Limira, Lycia 4-th century BC

The Makedonian Phalanx

Around the village Debrishte - locality Gradishte - Prilep, Republic of Macedonia, wrought iron helmet

Wrought iron helmet from the Makedonian phalanx

Helmet from the Makedonian cavalry

Helmet from the Makedonian cavalry

Helmet from the Makedonian phalanx

Helmet from the Makedonian phalanx

Helmet from the Makedonian phalanx

Македонски шлем од бронза, приватна колекција, најверојатно Турција

Makedonian bronze helmet, private collection, probably Turkey

Македонски шлем од бронза, приватна колекција, најверојатно Турција

Makedonian helmet from the Makedonian phalanx at the Bavarian State Museum, Munich, Germany

Македонски шлем од бронза, приватна колекција, најверојатно Турција

From the Makedonian phalanx, Zapirion's helmet

 

Helmet with image of Dze od richness of Olonesht (disputed by E.V. Chernenko)

 

Helmet from the Makedonian phalanx

Wrought iron helmet from the Makedonian phalanx

Wrought iron helmet from the Makedonian cavalry

Protective part of a helmet from the Makedonian phalanx

Bronze shield from the Makedonian phalanx - probably from the "Bronze shields", the second elite guard in the Makedonian phalanx after the "Silver spears"

Wrought iron helmet from the Makedonian phalanx with fragments of silver (from the Makedonian cavalry) today is in the museum of St. Petersburg

Protected armor from the Macedonian phalanx with the image of Medusa - today it is in the museum of St. Petersburg

Weapons from the Makedonian phalanx

 

 

According to Diodorus (16.3.1-2), in 359 A.C.:


"... The Makedonian ruler vasileos Philippoy improved the organization of his forces by equipping his men with the necessary weapons for war, held maneuvers of men with weapons in coordinated exercises. He devised a Compact Order and equipped the phalanx, imitating the dense shield formations of Ilion warriors, and was the first to organize the Makedonian Phalanx ."

Diodorus 15. 44. 1 - 3 - Ifikrat from Adzana, the adopted son of the Makedonian vasileos Amyntoy , the father of Makedonian vasileos Philippoy:

"Having gained extensive experience in military operations during the Persian War, he devised many improvements to the instruments of war, devoting himself especially to the field of weapons.

First, the policies use shields that are large and therefore difficult to handle. He rejected them, with others smaller and rounder, of moderate size, thus achieving two goals: to give the body adequate coverage and to allow the shield user with his ease to be completely free in his movements. .

They used to be called "kopliti" at the expense of their heavy shield, since then their name has been renamed "peltasti", after ''the pelta'' what they wore.

He made a change in the opposite direction, in fact he increased the length of the spears and doubled the length of the swords, which while using these test weapons confirmed the practicality and success of these experimental tools and earned a great reputation and in general inventive genius. .

He also created military boots that continue to be called "ifikrates" today. He also introduced other useful improvements to the art of war, but it would be boring to write. "

 

The Makedonian Phalanx was an infantry formation devised by Makedonian vasileos Makedonon Philippoy.

 

Protective linen armor 

Ifikratei

         The Makedonian vasileos Philippoy, spent much of his youth as a hostage in Dzeva, where he studied under the famous warlord Epaminondas, whose reforms were the basis for Philip's Makedonian Phalanx reforms. The members of the phalanx were professional soldiers and were one of the first troops in history to be organically trained, giving them the ability to perform complicated maneuvers much better than those of their enemies. 

They fought in dense square formations of 256 soldiers with an average depth of eight soldiers. The leader was in charge of each row of 16 soldiers, and the assistant leader was in the middle of the line, so that the rear rows could be moved to the sides in case more frontal troops were needed.

The Makedonian Phalanx

 

  The soldiers in the Makedonian phalanx carried one "SOR I OSA - SOR and OSA" - a spear with two tips that was over 6 meters long, with one end - OSA (wasp) - to stab with the other end (if necessary) SOR - to cut and trim. A spear ''The Soriosa'' was carried in two parts that merged before the battle and had to be handled with both hands. Up close, such large weapons were useless, but from a distance, the soldier could easily keep the enemies where they were, without being able to get close. The weapons of the soldiers of the first five rows were quite prominent from the formation itself, so that at all times there were more spears than targets for attack.

Infantry sword of the Makedonian Phalanx

Their second weapon was a double-edged sword, linoleum shield partially protected with bronze, wrought iron helmet, bronze shins, special protective sandals - ifikratei and a shield fastened over the shoulder with a rope to free the soldier. in the handling of the long spear.

The spears of the Makedonian phalanx were made from the tree '' Yasen '' .

Young stems from the tree ''Yasen'' - ash, after its length was determined, in order to obtain firmness and a corrected shape, they were roasted over a low heat, and then the bark was removed and coated with a protective material.

Completely assembled with the two parts, the "sor" wrought iron plate, the "wasa" bronze part and the central iron assembly part, the spear weighed about 5 kilograms and was 7 meters long.

They did not call selfe ''pezetarioi'' (Latin) buth ''PO CHETA IROI'' - '' after a company of heroes'', a more precise interpretation of "pesetaroy" is, pe zeta roj - swarm of rays, ''zeta - ray'', the heavy elite infantry were well trained, and not as some say they were the weakest formation, composed of inexperienced, on the contrary they were well trained. So first ''company of heroes'' - the Makedonian the cavalry, follows, ''after a company of heroess'' - the Makedonian heavy infantry.

 

T he iron part at the end of the spear SOR and OSA - the part "SOR"

Bronze top part at one end of the spear - '' OSA ''   

 

 

Coordinated exercises

The Makedonian vasileos Philippoy did not use the phalanx as the main weapon of attack, but as a tool to keep the enemies in one place while the heavy cavalry broke their ranks.

The Makedonian cavalry fought in a wedge formation and was stationed on the right, after breaking through the enemy ranks, the cavalry accompanied the shield-bearers, elite infantry who served as the ruler's bodyguards, followed by the phalanx. On the left wing was always an allied cavalry from Dzetsalia, which fought in a rhomboid formation and served mainly in defense.

 

The Makedonian Phalanx- vision of the army before the attack

The Makedonian Phalanx- position

The Makedonian Phalanx- attack

The Makedonian Phalanx - crushes everything in front of itself

The Makedonian Phalanx attacked for better synchronization to the beat of military drums, ''the rhythm'' remained noted in Makedonian folklore, to this day, it sounded somehow like this:

 

v

V

V

 

V

 

v

v

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

>

v
vv

 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

<

v

v

VV

MAKEDONIAN PHALANGE - ATTACK UNDER THE RHYTHM OF WAR DRUMS
 
МАКЕДОНИЈАAlexandroy MakedononМАКЕДОНИЈА

 

The difference between the others and the highly disciplined Makedonian Phalanx

  

 Other units: Hoplity or KOPLITY - KOP LITY - spears who fly, artillery, various artillery pieces, allied reserve supplies, archers, and artillery were also used in battle.

????? ?? ????? ??????????

Shield-bearers

Shield-bearers - from the tribe Agriyany, special forces at the time

The phalanx had rather small luggage, with only one servant of a few soldiers. This gave the phalanx a high marching speed that no one could overcome. In some cases the opponents surrendered due to unpreparedness because they could not predict that his army would arrive so early.

The Makedonian Phalanx was also trained to carry out short assault attacks.

 

Bronze top, ''MAK'' letters, abbreviation of ''MAKEDONON'', part of the spear probably from a peltast

    Launchers

 

 

 Archer

Artillery

   

The Makedonian cavalry  - CHETAIROI - ''The Company of Heroes''

 [1]  "[ Our enemies have lived a carefree and luxurious life for centuries, we from Makedonia have been trained for generations in the difficult life of danger and war. All in all, we are free people, and they are slaves ]." The Makedonian cavalry - CHETAIROI - ''The Company of Heroes''.  

Македонската коњица

Македонската коњица

Македонската коњица

     The Makedonian heavy cavalry consisted of cavalry companions who were nobles and a Dzetsalian cavalry. The cavalry escorts - the friends consisted of eight squadrons with 200 cavalry each, except the GOVERNMENT EXADRON which had 300   - CHETAIROI - ''The Company of Heroes''. They were equipped with spears - klinstoni with a length of 3.6 - 4.2 m and heavy armor. The horses were also partially armored. The riders did not wear shields. 
The organization of the Dzetsalian cavalry (which later became part of the Makedonian phalanx) was similar to that of the Makedonian cavalry - CHETA HEROES, in that they had shorter spears and fought in freer formations.

THE MAKEDONIAN CHETAIROI

Makedonian cavalry - CHETA HEROES

Makedonian cavalry sword

Makedonian cavalry swords

Makedonian cavalry

The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy fresco Aga - Makedonia

The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy fresco Aga - Makedonia

The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy fresco Pompey - Italy

The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy fresco Pompey - Italy

  From the light cavalry, the units of the so-called "Runners" protected the wings of the army during battle and went on reconnaissance missions. There were several hundred more Allied cavalry who also participated, but were weaker than the others.

Makedonian cavalry helmet found in Iraq

Makedonian cavalry helmet found in Iraq

Tripoli Archaeological Museum, Makedonian Cavalry bronze helmet

Tripoli Archaeological Museum, Makedonian Cavalry bronze helmet

Makedonian cavalry  - Dzetsalian coins

Makedonian horsemen from the Makedonian colonies in BC in Adzeia (Asia)

Makedonian horsemen from the Makedonian colonies in BC in Adzeia (Asia)




     THE SILVER LANCES
A saint came to the Makedonian vasileos Philippoy in a dream saying that ''IF HE FIGHTED WITH A WITH SILVER LANCE HE WILL WIN EVERYTHIN''.
That's how he forms them ''The Silver Lances'' who were the most elite army in the Makedonian phalanx and personal bodyguards of the Makedonian vasileos Philippoy Makedonon.


 
A member of the Silver Spears, the relief is located in Vienna

Apart from Silver Spears there were also units of Bronze Shields

The Silver Lances

 

MILITARY CAMPAIGNS

At the beginning, vasileos Philippoy Makedonon married Avdeta, Vardili's daughter, for peace with the Illyrians, but now he is strengthened with the newly formed Makedonian Phalanx in 358 BC. broke the resistance of the Illyrians who occupied northern Makedonia in the time of his brother makedonian vasileos Berdikkoy THIRD and the local tribes. With that he extended his power to city of Dyadzerateon - D ya Dze Ra Те on - he with Те Rа Dzе I D (he) this can be interpreted as "He God and I in the city of light with 3 suns", (Dyatserateon ''es'' is Latin term and for the word "tsar" is early in that period - "Dyassarites'', there must be an error in the transcription) "Lichni - Lichnidos" - Lich nidi - evil nest - Lake Ohrid, is later version, called today.

Makedonian army left 7,000 Illyrian soldiers on the battlefield, 3/4 of their forces.


*** Some kilometers to the west of the city there is another large archaeological site, perhaps it is the older city, and Lichnidi is the newer one from the second century BC, today's Ohrid - the city on the hill, which was built by the Makedonian Tsar (King) Samoil, perhaps romeian Yustinian (Justinian). The archaeological sites are probably insufficiently investigated, generally in the entire present-day country of Makedonia.

 

THE CAUSES OF WAR WITH DARDANIA

It seems that Vardilas opposed the treaty with the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Amyntaoy the SECOND and Siras and invaded Makedonia in 393 BC. Vardilas (V ar d il as - in Ar D IL I, not ''Bardilas'') used new military tactics never before used by the Illyrians. He won a decisive battle against Vasileos Amyntaoy the SECOND, expelled him and ruled Makedonia through the puppet ruler Paysania. In 392 BC, Vasileos Amyntaoy the SECOND/THIRD allied with the Dzetsalians and Link and freed Makedonia from the influence of the Dardanians, who were one of the most influential Illyrian tribes at the time. At that time Illyria was a kind of union - confederation, why the "Illyrians" are divided into tribes. However, the Illyrians constantly attacked and ruled the northern borders of Makedonia. After continuous invasions, Vardilas forced the Makedonians to pay him an annual tribute (tax) in 372 BC..

In 370 BC, the worthy Makedonian ruler Vasileos Amyntaoy the THIRD died, having restored the wealth of his state after the disasters at the hands of the Illyrians. His marriage to Evrikika (Eurydice) of Linc, daughter of Siras produced three sons and one daughter. His eldest son was Alexandroy the SECOND. In 369 BC, Vardilas prevented the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Alexandroy the SECOND from expelling the Dardanians from Makedonia. After the battle, Vardilas is said to have briefly held Prince Philippoy, the youngest brother of Vasileos Alexandroy the SECOND, hostage. In 365 BC, Vasileos Alexandroy the SECOND was succeeded by his brother Vasileos Berdika the THIRD.

The Payonians started a series of raids (robberies) against the Makedonians in support of the Dardanian invasion from the north. Vasileos Berdika the THIRD, the ruler of Makedonia, humiliated by the indignity of having to "to give respect" (pay tribute) to the Dardanians, marched north in the spring of 358 BC. with the Makedonian army, to settle the issue with a battle. This was not the first occasion on which he fought against Vardilas, but the Makedonians lost the battle. The ruler of Makedonia himself was among the 4,000 dead Makedonians. The rest, in a panic, having been frightened by the Illyrian army, lost heart to continue the war. This was the worst loss the Makedonians suffered in the scope of their efforts to free themselves from the Illyrians. The Dardanians followed up their victory by extending their control southward to Lake Dyadzerateian (Ohrid) Lake - Lake of the Three Suns and westward into upper Makedonia. With the actions of Vardilas, the Dardanians brought Makedonia until collapse.

When Prince Philippoy, the youngest of three brothers, children of Makedonian ruler Vasileos Amyntaoy the THIRD and Vasilitsa Evrikika, took over the throne of Makedonia, he was determined to subjugate the Illyrians under the command of the Dardanian Vasile Vardilas once and for all, destroying the Illyrian threat.

In 359 BC, Makedonia could return to a war of liberation against the Illyrians, after overcoming the internal state of political chaos and removing the risk of attack from other opponents. When Vasileos Philippoy son of Makedonian ruler Vasileos Amyntaoy the THIRD took the Makedonian throne, significant territories of Upper Makedonia remained under the control of Vardilas. In order to concentrate on the internal struggle necessary to secure his own position on the throne of Makedonia, Vasileos Philippoy son of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Amyntaoy confirmed the treaty that the Dardanians had imposed on Makedonia by force of arms and stabilized the alliance by his marriage with Avdita, probably niece or daughter of Vardilas. This marriage undoubtedly prevented the entire Dardanian invasion of Makedonia at a time when the country was most vulnerable.

By the spring of 358 BC, Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy had finally secured his throne and was now able to address the liberation of northwestern Makedonia from the Dardanian Vardilas. When the word about the mobilization of the reformed Makedonian army - the Makedonian phalanx - caught the attention of Vardilas, who suggested to Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy that they conclude an agreement to maintain the "status quo" - that everyone should keep what they had won, under condition that both sides keep the cities that were already under their control at that time. This, of course, was unacceptable to Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy, as he was not prepared to accept any terms other than the complete withdrawal of the Dardanians from northwestern Makedonia. Vardilas, however, was in no mood to give up his gains without a fight. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy mobilized every able soldier in Makedonia for the battle. Vardilas, as before, is unlikely to take any prisoners, so any Makedonian defeat will result in mutilated casualties (victims.).

THE BATTLE OF LINK

Considering that its northern border is safe for the time being, the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy (''son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy'' - his name is like that because he did not receive the title from the Makedonians at that time, ''MAKEDONON''), turned westward that summer to recover the territory lost to his brother. The Illyrians led by the Dardanian tribe, led by their ruler Vasile Vardilas, posed a formidable challenge, able to match the military strength of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy, with 10,000 infantry and 500 of his own cavalry against Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy with a slightly favorable 10,000 infantry and 600 cavalry. In addition, Vardilas' infantry had a strong component of shock fighters or so-called, ''for quick intervention'' (meaning the Illyrians actually had a mercenaries army), probably comprising 7,000 soldiers of the total number. Illyrian warriors used a sybina spear with a heavy head and a shield. Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy must have known that they would put his still untried kipaspisti (ki P as P isti - ''how P (the god) I P same'', ''isti'' could be interpreted ''and I with Ti'' - and I with T (the god)) and native phalanxists in a difficult test for close combat, hand to hand. The Makedonians were not facing a newly empowered the Makedonian ruler like Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy, but a capable veteran of many wars, for the Dardanian Vasile Vardilas could have been 90 years old, but he was still strong enough to ride a horse on the battlefield.

The Illyrians prepared to offer battle in the open. Historian Hammond suggests (1994, 26) that this was west of the Carly Derwen Pass on the Plain of Link (Linc), the battle is also known as the Battle of Erigon (Black River).

Link - The city of The Lynx today is the Bitola village of Tsrnobuki

Foundations of buildings, painted marble slabs, cups, amphorae, mosaics, various objects and, of course, forges - all this comes out of the yards of the inhabitants of the Bitola village of Crnobuki (Tsrnobuki)

The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntaoy arrived and deployed his phalanx just as in his first action, with the phalangites on the left and center, again engaged the kopliti and kipaspisti on the right in that order and divided the cavalry and light infantry into the two wings. As for the layout of Vardilas' army, the historian Diodorus's claim of a square formation is confused even in the context of his description of the battle and since such tactics were not tested elsewhere except in retreat for either the Dardanians or the Makedonians in this area, (what the historian Diodorus did not understand is that Vardilas knew how the Makedonian phalanx operated. Vardilas knew that he would be surrounded, so he devised a tactic, probably planning to overrun the center of the Makedonian army with a strong frontal attack, but he faced the long Makedonian spears) the version of the historian Frontinius is to be preferred. This indicates that Vardilas set up a linear arrangement, his heavy infantry matched the width of the Makedonian phalanx with even deeper ranks and had the best men - soldiers there, sticking in the middle with cavalry and archers.

The formations closed together, the Illyrians at a fast pace, and the Makedonians slowly to maintain good order. When they finally met, a vicious fight ensued from one end of the field to the other. All the elements of the phalanx at this point moved in chorus to carry out their deadly tasks. Left in the center the spearmen held firm, their long weapons keeping the Illyrian spearmen out of range and wounding at least a few of those leading the Illyrian army. At the same time, Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amtntoy and his lancers advanced on the right striking the Illyrians, as the impulse from the rear ranks relentlessly pushed them forward. The Illyrian front line fighters who opposed them received much less help from behind and were powerless to resist the intense pressure and long spears coming at them. In the end, the Illyrians had no choice but to give in. As the Illyrians retreated, they began to fall back, it was the "hetairoi's" - BATTALION HEROES (elite Makedonian cavalry) and their shield bearers the peltasts (foot soldiers) who now stood out, clearing the way for the coplites and kipaspists by clearing the entire Illyrian cavalry. and light infantry from that flank. Exposed and put beyond endurance, the Illyrian left now completely gave way and sent the rest of their formation into frantic flight under the fierce attack.

The historian Diodorus [7] (1st century BC) writes this about the event:

''And at first, for a long time, the battle was evenly poised because of the excessive gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were killed and more wounded, the intensity of the battle swayed first one side and then another, constantly swayed by the brave deeds of the combatants. ; but later, while the Makedonian horsemen pressed from the flank and rear and Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntoy in the center of his troops fought like a true hero, the main side of the Illyrians was forced to take hasty flight. The pursuit was maintained from a considerable distance, and many were killed in flight, Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntoy signaled the Makdonians with a trumpet (probably a yak's horn for the purpose) and raised a trophy of victory and buried their dead, while the Illyrians, after they sent ambassadors and withdrew from all the Makedonian cities, they got peace. But more than seven thousand Illyrians were killed in this battle. Но, повеќе од седум илјади илири беа убиени во оваа битка.''

The figure of 7,000 slain referred to by Diodorus among the Illyrians in this battle (16.4.7) is clearly exaggerated. Perhaps it is better to see it as a battle of heavy infantry defeated than as an actual casualty. At the same time, the losses of the Dardanians must have been very high (several thousand according to Justin (7.6.7)), with probably 20 - 30 % killed. The price for the victory of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntoy was much lower, maybe 3 - 5% would be reduced in battle or die soon after from their wounds. Vardilas appreciated the extent of his defeat and wasted no time in suing for peace. The Illyrians later sent representatives and negotiated peace terms, releasing all the cities they had conquered from Makedonia. In this battle, the vexing issue of the city of Link (the danger of an Illyrian invasion) was resolved, changing the situation on the western borders in favor of Makedonia. The city of Link is where Eurydice, the wife of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntoy, came from, the city of Link and its territories were liberated and returned to Makedonia. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntoy on the northwestern border by annexing the Dardanian territory above Link. This would form a defensive buffer against any future Illyrian attacks attempted via the Drilon Valley (probably an ancient name for Polog). Around the Dyadzerateon (Ohrid) Lake - the Lake of the Three Suns, the borders between Illyria and Makedonia remained, until Illyria was annexed to Macedonia at one point in time by the Macedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntoy taking the Illyrian Phila as his wife, probably daughter of Vasile Vardilas, the "marriage" was the "annexation agreement''.

The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Philippoy son of the Vasileos Amyntoy in the north he laid the foundation stone of the new city of Arakleon, he brought under control part of the Payonian tribes, joining them to Makedonia. It is possible that then Dzera became Bellas Dzera (White Dawn), in his honor.

????????? ????  Vasileos YRRO - Molossian (Ahileian) coin 

Молосиски шлем Molossian helmets Молосиски шлем

Молосиски шлем

Молосиски шлем

Молосиски шлем Молосиски шлем

In 357 BC. vasileos Philippoy Makedonon marries Molossian Princess Olympia

  forg forg

This is not an antique medallions, but has been presented as such by forgers

The Adzaians failed to take control of the city of Amphipoliton because the people there did not accept their rule. As a social war broke out in Adzena, the Adzaians agreed with Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy that if he handed over the city of Amphipoliton to them, they would give him back the city of Pynd, conquered by the Adzaians 363 BC. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy easily captured the city of Amphipoliton, but refused to surrender it to the Adzaians, and by force captured the city of Pynd. Because of this act, the Adzaians declared war on Makedonia. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy allied himself with Halkideon and Olndzeion and, in order to court them, surrendered the city of Potidea, which he conquered in 356 BC.

The throne of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy

The throne of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy

     In 355 BC. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy conquers Krenid, a rich ore center, and renames the city in Philippi. He earned up to 1000 golden talents a year from those places.

Коins from Philippi

The Adzaians tried to turn back the old enemies of Makedonia: the Illyrians and the Thracians, who were divided into 3 parts after the death of Kotia, led by: Amadoko, Berisade and Kersoplepte. They were defeated by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy so that Makedonia was extended until to the river Mesta, while warlord Parmenio defeated the Illyrians together with their newly elected ruler Grabo.

356 BC year to the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy was born his son Alexandoy followed by good news from all over Makedonia, .. for victory over the Thracians and Illyrians and the victory of his horse at the Makedonian Olympic Games on the Makedonian side of Mount Olympus, .... Olympic sports games organized and financed by Makedonian rulers.

     

In 354 BC. the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy besieges the city of Madzeon, DURING THE SIEGE OF THE CITY will lose his right eye. The Adzaians sent 2 fleets to help the city. The first in the winter 354 BC was insufficient and the second 353 BC when the city had already fallen into the hands of the Makedonians. Madzeon was razed to the ground, the population sent into slavery or displaced, as a source of long-term instability for Makedonia, namely the Adzaian colony was allowed to settle in Makedonia during the time of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Amyntioy the FIRST around 498 BC. but since then they have become a "source" of constant instability for Macedonia, the city is no longer mentioned in historical documents after 353 BC. year. On that occasion he used to attack Avdariteon (not Abdera) and Ma Aron (not Maroneia), on the coast Payonian, is Payonian, not Thracian.

Coin from Avdariteon

МАТ RОD ОТ ОS of the genus of MA the Great Mother - coin from Ma Aron

AR MA, Ma Aron, not ''maroneia''.

353 BC the Adzaians defeat Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy at the Thracian Caroness - Ilepont, and the Thracian ruler surrenders to the Adzaians all the cities except Cardia (this proves that the coast is Payonian, not Thracian, why the Thracian is not interested in that territory), to secure a safe passage to the Pyon Sey (Pontian Sea).

Meanwhile, the Holy War broke out.

In 353 BC Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy entered in Dzetsalia where he was greeted by 7,000 Phocians and mercenaries led by Failo, brother of Onomerco, ruler of Phocia. Failo was expelled from Dzetsalia, but his brother came to his aid, forcing Philip to withdraw from the battlefield twice. Onomerko succeeded in preventing the action of the Makedonian phalanx. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy cautiously retreated strategically, but nevertheless returned more organized with a larger army.

Coin from LARISAION

The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy was criticized for being afraid of the Phocians, but in the end he was right.

Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy comments:

"He does not run away, but, like a ram, he retreats to attack stronger ".

A feature only for an extremely talented leader.

352 BC Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy with 20,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry, but now assisted by the Dzetsalians, Onomerko with the same number of infantry but with 2,000 cavalry. The battle took place at the place "Fields of the Crossroads", in the battle Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy killed 6000 enemy soldiers, captured 3000 who were drowned in the sea in honor of the god Ile, and Onomerko was killed by his mercenaries and handed over to Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, who crucified him on the cross.

352 BC. the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy proclaimed himself leader - ARCHONTON until the end of Dzetsalia and annexed it to Makedonia.

The Third Holy War

Ancient sources for the Third Holy War are scarce and generally lacking in information. The main source for this period isthe Library "History Diodorus Siculus" which was written in the 1st century AC, which is a very large second-class source. Diodorus is often ridiculed by modern historians for his style and inaccuracies, but he preserves many details from the ancient period that can not be found anywhere else. Diodorus worked, above all, copying the works of other historians, omitting many details that did not correspond to his purpose, which should illustrate lessons from history; his profile of the Third Holy War contains many gaps.

According to Diodorus, more details about the Third Holy War can be found in the speeches of the Adzaiann statesmen, primarily Demosthenes and Aeschines, these speeches were never intended to be historical material, they must be treated with caution.; Demosthenes and Aeschines are described as:

"A few liars, none of whom can be trusted, to tell the truth in every matter in which that distance in his interest to lie ."

However, their illusions of contemporary or past events point to some of the gaps in Diodorus' mind, helping us by arranging the chronology. The accounts of Diodorus, Demosthenes, and Aeschines can be enriched with fragments from another historian (such as Theopompus) and modern epigraphic sources.

"Modern historians" have debated the war fiercely and there is no clear consensus. ". It is generally accepted that the war lasted 10 years and ended in the summer of 346 BC, the beginning of the war was the occasion of the violent occupation of Delphi by Philomelos of Phocia. After the defeat of Philomelos at Neon, the Dzevans thought it safe to send Pamenes to Dzenika with 5000 hoplites. And the combination of evidence suggests that Pamenes collided with the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy at Ma Aron (Maroneia) in Pyonia (Thrace) in 355 BC. Diodor says that the battle took place when the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy besieged Madzeon in 354 BC. However, Diodors' chronology of the Holy War is very confusing - he dates from the beginning and the end of the war, a year too late, he says differently that the war lasted 9, 10 or 11 years, and includes the sieges of Madzeon twice under different dates - therefore his dates cannot be taken seriously.

Taking into account the dates, most historians agree on the same sequence of events for this part of the Holy War. The main question is when that sequence started. Thus, it dates from 355 BC, Madzeon to 355 - 354 BC, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy first Dzetsalian campaign to 354 BC. and his second until 353 BC. In contrast to historians: Cavkwell, Sealey, Hammond, and others, all of these dates have been moved by one year, beginning in 354 BC.

The Third Holy War (often referred to as the Holy War) broke out in 356 BC, and will present the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy with his true intent: ''to expand its influence in the affairs of the central and southern Peninsula of Dze. The war was sparked by the refusal of the Phocian Confederation to pay a fine, imposed in 357 BC. by the Amphictyonic League, military-religious alliance who ruled the holiest place during that time in Southern Dzeia (Europe), at the Temple of the God of the Sun in Delphi. Behind the religious element, the real policy of adoption against the Phocians, implemented by the Dzevans, is shown. At that time, Dzeva controlled the majority of votes in the Council, and in the autumn of the meeting in 357 BC, the Dzevans were able to have both the Phocians (for the defense of the Holy Land) and Sparta (for the occupying Dzeva for some 25 years), previously, condemned and punished. The fines for both sides were "unjustifiably harsh" and the Dzevans probably did not expect to be paid, and from that to be declare a "The Third Holy War".


 
On the ruins of the ancient city of Delphi


In response, the Phocians, led by Philomelos, occupied the city of Delphi (located within the borders of Phocis) and claimed Phocis' ancient claim to be president of the Amphictyonic League, with the intention of overturning the verdict against him. There seems to have been some sympathy in Adzena for the Phocians, as it can be seen from other countries that:

"Dzevans used the Amphictyonic League to pursue their petty and destructive interests ."

The Phocians were backed by Adzena (Dzevas' eternal enemies) and, as expected, Sparta, who did not expect to see their intentions erased when the Phocians captured Delphi with his treasury. However, Philomelos plundered the treasury of the God of The Sun to pay for his expensive mercenaries by raising his powerful army, but he drastically changed the minds of other Dze Peninsula states.

In the winter of 356/355 BC, the "Battle of Holy War " was declared against the Phocians by the council of the Amphictyonic League, and the Thebans were the main protagonists, the war started relatively well for the Phocians, but a heavy defeat was inflicted on the Phocians on Neon by the Dzevans either in 355 or 354 BC. and Philomelos was killed. Frightened, Onomarko undertakes Phocian effort and hires new mercenaries for war.

The Holy War seems to have paved the way for a resumption of the conflict in Dzetsalia. The Dzetsalian Confederation was a staunch supporter of the Amphictyonic League and had an old hatred of the Phocians. On the other hand, the city-state of Ferae is in alliance with Phocia. In any case in 354 or 353 BC, еthanks to the Dzetsalian city of Larissa who appealed to the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy to help them to defeat the Ferae, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy thus brought a Makedonian army to Dzetsalia, probably with the intention of attacking Ferae.

Under the terms of their alliance, Lutzofron asked Ferae for help from the Phocians, Onomarko was sent by his brother, Falios, with 7,000 men. However, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy repulsed this force before joining the Ferae. Onomarko then renounced the siege at that moment and withdrew, bringing a new army in Dzetsalia to attack the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy. The exact details of the campaign that followed are unclear, but Onomarko seems to have had two successes, partial defeats to the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy, with many Makedonians killed in battle. After these defeats, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy withdrew in Makedonia for the winter.

The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy comments that: "He does not run away, but, like a ram, he retreats to attack again".


The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy returned to Dzetsalia the following summer (or 353 or 352 BC, depending on the chronology to follow), with the arrival of the new Makedonian army, Vasileos Philippoy formally asked the Dzetsalians to join him in the war against the Phocians. The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy now gathered all the Dzetsalia opponents of Ferae that he could. According to Diodor, his army now numbered 20,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry.

The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy besieged the strategic port of Pagasae (mainly the port of Ferae) before the Battle of the Field of the Cross. With taking to Pagasae, it is likely that Vasileos Philippoy is aiming to prevent Ferae from being reinforced by the sea. Vasileos Philippoy learned a lesson from previous campaigns and wanted to prevent Ferae from outside help before attacking Ferae.

Onomarko, meanwhile, returned to Dzetsalia to try to maintain Phocian supremacy there, with about the same force as in the previous year. The Adzaians also sent Cares with a considerable military contingent to help their Phocian allies, looking for an opportunity to strike a decisive blow against the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy. The Phocians and Adzaians intended to land again at Pagasae, as it was the only port where the Adzaians fleet could be unloaded, but the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy was there just in case.

The Battle

A battle was fought between the Makedonians and the Phocians, after Vasileos Philippoy prevented the Phocians from joining the forces of the Ferae and, most importantly, before the Adzaians arrived. According to Diodor, the two armies remained near the sea, probably near Pagasae - " MINZUHAR field" in Dzetsalia, the terrain corresponds to this description. Now known as the Battle of the Field of the Cross. However, this plane is so large that it is difficult to identify the exact location of the battle.

The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy sent his soldiers into battle to wear laurel wreaths, the symbol of the God of the Sun - Dze, "as if he were avenger of blasphemy, of insult, and he proclaimed that they were fighting under the auspices of God ". Some of the Phocian mercenaries allegedly threw down their weapons, upset by their guilty conscience. Then followed a battle, the bloodiest recorded battle in ancient Makedonian history fought until then with the city-states.

The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy won a convincing victory over the Phocians. He seems to have won the battle because of the Makedonian superior number and the courage of Makedonians cavalry.

Of the Makedonian superior number and the courage of Makedonians cavalry. The Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy now had Dzetsalian horses that were terrifying the enemy, so unnamed "heavy cavalry" - the famous Dzetsalia horses, beautiful animals.

Fleeing defeat, the Phocians ran to the sea, where Kares warlord of Adzena fleet arrived during the battle, but many people were killed while fleeing, or drowned while trying to reach the ships. A total of 6,000 Phocian soldiers were killed, including Onomarko, and another 3,000 captured. Onomarko was either hanged or crucified, and the other prisoners were drowned, as a ritual for the temple of the God of the Sun - Dze . These punishments are designed to deny the defeated an honorable funeral; The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy thus continued to present himself as a godly avenger of the desecration of the Phocians.

For this mass drowning Isocrates has stated:

" Mass drowning will not shock the civilized world, on the contrary it will strengthen it, and it will deter future robbers from their intentions.

Isocrates thought that the mercenaries of Phocis were better dead than alive... The punishment was really terrible, but it was completely in line with the role of the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy as the champion of the God of the Sun - Dze.''


The consequences

It was probably as a consequence of his victory (if not before) that the Dzetsalians appointed the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy as the Archonton of Dzetsalia. This was a struggle for life, with Vasileos Philippoy taking control of all the revenues of the Dzetsalian Confederation and also becoming the commander-in-chief of the United Dzetsalian Army. The tyrants of Ferae, instead of having the same fate as Onomarko, reached an agreement with the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy and in exchange for handing over the port of Ferae, Vasileos Philippoy had allowed 2000 of their mercenaries to go to Phocis.

Vasileos Philippoy spent some time reorganizing Dzetsalia and once satisfied, he planned a march south to the Dzermopole (Thermopylae) crossing, the gateway to the central Peninsula of Dze. He probably intended to take it for himself with a victory over the Phocians and the conquest of Phocis, a prospect that greatly upset the Adzaians, because once he marched to Dzermopole, he could also march on Adzena. For that the Adzaians sent their forces to Dzermopole and occupied the passag;

There is some debate as to whether other contingents joined the Adzaians at Dzermopole. Although it may have proved possible to force the passag, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy did not try to do so, preferring not to risk defeat after the great successes in Dzetsalia.

Meanwhile, the Phocians regrouped under the control of Onomarkos' brother Faulo. After the great Phocian defeat of Neon and the Field of the Cross, Faulo he had to double the wages of mercenaries in order to attract them in sufficient numbers and thus supplement his army. Despite the defeats, however, most of the Phocians were still in favor of continuing the war. During the winter of that year, Faulo engaged in diplomatic efforts to garner greater allied support for Fokis, and succeeded in expanding the theater of conflict into the next military campaign.

Uniquely, the Phocians were able to make up for the great military loss, thanks to their booty from the treasury of the temple of the God of the Sun - Dze, factor that contributed to the war be ending in unresolved untill 346 BC.

That year 346 BC., Makedonia became a full member of the Amfictonia - the military religious alliance.

 

The reason for withdrawing from the conquests in the south was that the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy was called in for help by Py (not Bizantion) and Berintion because the new Thracian ruler Kersoblepte wanted to restore the power of Thrace from the time of Kotia. The Adzaians also prepared a fleet led by 40 triremes and a number of armies to defend the strait the Ilepont, but this did not happen because word spread that Vasileos Philippoy was seriously ill. The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy defeated the Thracian ruler, and his son was sent hostage to Makedonia and was forced to pay reparations. Cities: Araion and Teikon were given to Berintion as a faithful ally.

     The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy encouraged the struggle between the aristocratic and democratic forces in the city-states in order to exploit their dissent and conquer them more easily. For that purpose, with the gold of the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy on the island of Eyvoia was formed ''The Makedonian Group'' (the Makedonian Party, at this time they were not political parties but ''groups''), paid to promote Makedonian interests in political life in the City-States. However, from 352 BC. to 346 BC it will not penetrate south, but will conquer the eastern regions coming to the river Maritsa.

The Rebellion of Eyvoia

Eyvoian City-States entered in the Adzaian confederation in 357 BC after the failure of Dzevan attempts to oversee the large island (near both Adzenika (not Attica) and Voiaa (not Boeotia)). The apparent peace of Eyvoia 357 BC was uncertain because of to hostilities between the Eyvoian City-States (especially between Halkis and Eretria) and because of to the fighting of groups within the police. To maintain their influence, the Adzaians relied on different currents on occasion and sometimes supported tyrants who were rumored to be pro - Adzaian like Plutarch of Eretria. Personal connections between Adzaian speakers and Eyvoian leaders also play an important role: Plutarch of Eretria is a friend of Media, an influential member of Eubulus' circle.
During the winter of 349/348 BC, a riot broke out in Eretria and the tyrant Plutarch was expelled. At the instigation of Media and Eubulus, a small company of Adzaian koplites led by Phocion was sent to Eyvoia to bring Plutarch back to power. Despite his victory at ''Tamynae'', Fokion is soon in a difficult position as he faces has to face a general rebellion against Eyvoia (Euboea). The Adzaian army raid had the effect of uniting most of the Eyvoians against Adzena. The uprising was led by a resolute leader, Kalia of Halkis, whose three-point program:

Eyvoia of the Eyvoians,

leadership of Halkis and

power for Kalia.

Plutarch himself, who had called on the Adzaians for help, allied himself with their opponents.

No source says that Eyvoia's rebellion was caused by the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy, but this uprising is so convenient to him that the assumption could not be refuted. Since 351, Philip has been trying to raise some Eyvoians against Adzena by funding to the "group", there - the Makedonian group - that was the name of the political parties of the time - "group - Druzhina".

In the first ''Philippic'' (37), Demosthenes inserts a letter from the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy to the Euboeans, especially "insolent" to the Adzaians. Kalia in any case he asks an alliance with the vasileos - the ruler of Makedonia; he agrees, promises him financial support, and may send several soldiers.
The Adzaians, embroiled in two clashes on two different battlefields, have to make a difficult strategic choice: should the Olindzeoions be helped first or should Eyvoia's revolt be quelled? Demosthenes is a supporter of the first solution and one can easily create an image of his thinking. New delays in sending Adzaian aid to Olindzeoion threaten irreversible loss of an important ally; when Olindzeoion (not Olynth) is saved, there will still be time to restore in Euboea the Adzaian order. True to its strictly defensive strategy, Eubul takes the opposite view: Olindzeoion is far from Adzena, while Eyvoia is quite close and of primary interest for police security.

Eubul's opinion wins: people of Adzena vote for mass gathering of koplites and horsemens and sending them to Eyvoia.


At the beginning of the summer of 349 BC, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy estimated that the time had come to conquer the peninsula of Halkideon. He sent an ultimatum to the inhabitants of Olindzeoion asking them to hand over the two Makedonian refugees, his half-brothers Aridai and Menelai. The Olindzeoion rejection immediately provoked the Makedonian invasion.
   In 349 BC. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy of Makedonia begins the siege of the ancient city of Olindzeoion, an original Makedonian ally - Makedonian land.

Olindzeoions rulers, Aridei and Menelai were also relatives of the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy, who later formed an alliance with Adzena. At the end of the summer, the Adzaians send 38 terriers and 2,000 peltas to Halkideon under the leadership of Hares. Shortly afterwards, they ordered Haridem, who was then in Ilepont (the Dardanelles), to join Hares with his 18 terriers, 4,000 peltas, and 150 horsemen. The effort made by Adzena is not great, but these detachments for the campaign are not insignificant help for the inhabitants of Olindzeoion: at the beginning of the spring of 348 BC, Haridem takes from the Makedonians the territories what they had conquered. In addition, the inhabitants of Olynt can hope that this first support will be followed by more aid, but despite all efforts the city of Olindzeoion in 348 BC is flattened.

Coin from Halkideon (Halkidik) HALKI DE ON - The Alliance of the Ring - Halki - Rings

In 347 BC the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy conquers almost all of Thrace and annexes it to Makedonia. Adzana, meanwhile, threatened by Makedonian conquests, offered peace. In 346 BC. in Dzetsalia the two sides agreed on peace. Later, the Makedonian armies through the Molissia penetrated northwest to the Makedonian Sea and annexed part of Illyria to Makedonia. In 342 BC. Vasileos Philippoy undertook a successful campaign against the Scythians to the north

"As the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy and the Makedonian armies was returning to Makedonia from the Scythian campaign against Atheas, a Thribalian tribe, ''the Tribaloi'', met him and did not allow him to cross if they did not receive part of the booty." . „

This leads to a dispute and tin the battle, in which Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy receives a severe wound in the leg from a spear, which kills his horse.

To strengthen their position on Ilepont, the Adzaians sent new clergy to the peninsula as early as 343 BC; a detachment of mercenaries placed under the leadership of strategist Dyopeiyt is in charge of protecting their settlement. Most cityes of Ilepont are happy to accept cleric (klerusi) reinforcements. But Kardia, an ally of Vasileos Philippoy at least 346, calls the Vasileos of Makedonia who, after proposing arbitration, which the Adzaians rejected, sends several detachments to support it Kardia. In retaliation, and because he needed to pay for his army, Dyopeiyt plundered several Thracian sites from the state of Vasileos Philippoy - Makedonia. Complicating his case, he tortures and blackmails the Makedonian messenger who came to demand his release from the captives. In the spring of 341 BC, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy sent a letter of objection to Adzena, in which he specifically demanded the revocation of Dyopeiyt.

Persian Legation and Python's Task

Before launching a great campaign to end the secession of Egypt, the Great Ruler Artaxerxes Ochus sends a series of embassies to the cities. In Dzeva and Argos, the task of the Persian envoys is clear: they must obtain permission to collect mercenaries. The purpose of the Persian envoys in Adzena is different: forced to depopulate Adzenica somewhat due to his Egyptian campaign, the Achaemenid (Achaemenid is the name of the Persian ruling dynasty) ruler is afraid that the Makedonian ruler the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy - Philip of Makedonia will use the gap thus created to launch a campaign against him in Adzenica. On such a supposition, he would wish the Adzaeans to renew hostilities in the Peninsula of Dze against the Makedonian: he promises them considerable sums to finance that war.

Fearing an agreement between the Great Ruler and the Azaeans against him, Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon sends one of his companions, Python of Py, to Adzena, charging him to make all the necessary promises to the Adzaeans to dissuade them from the Persian alliance. Python promises a review of the treaty of 346 BC. in accordance with the Adzaian wishes and is careful not to object to the demands expressed by the Adzaians. The assembly is seduced by his attractive propositions, and rejects the Persian offers with haughty words, evidently incited by the Philippians: the people pass a decree declaring that:

„The friendship of the Adzaians towards the Great Ruler continues, only if the Great Ruler does nothing against the Dze Peninsula" adding that "if the Great Ruler causes any disorder, the Adzaians will summon Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon and all of the Dze Peninsula against him".

Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon he achieved what he wanted.

Artaxerxes, rebuffed by the Adzaeans, liaises with the Makedonian court and perhaps makes a secret non-aggression pact.

Realizing that the Adzaians were increasingly misled by Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon, Demosthenes and Hegesippus avoided outright rejection of his offers of reconsideration, but instead urged the people to demand such significant changes that Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon would be forced to reject them. Prompted by Hegesippus, the Adzaians propose that the article referring to the ``status quo'' ("each shall preserve what he holds") be replaced by an article recognizing the legal rights of both parties ("each shall obtain that which belongs to him"). Such a text would allow the Adzaians to demand the return of Amphipoton and all the places that Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon had seized since his enthronement. This new wording is clearly unacceptable to the Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon:

''The ruler does not hide his bad mood and behaves very coldly towards the Adzaian negotiator Hegesippus''.

Opponents of Makedonia use the change in the attitude of the ruler and declare him a fraud, who promises a lot but who does not keep his word. The Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon again becomes unpopular in Adzena, but this turn of events occurs after the rejection of Persian proposals by the Adzaians. Basically, Python's task accomplished what it wanted.

 

Interference of the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in the Peninsula of Dze


In 346 BC the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy could not make a military expedition that would impose him as an arbiter in the Dze Peninsula affairs, but the condition of the Peninsula of Dze gives him numerous opportunities to expand his influence in the area. Most not-assimilated Pelasgian city-states experience very fierce social and political struggles: in many cases, one of the groups (usually the oligarchic) calls out to them to overcome their opponents. The oligarchs of the not-assimilated Pelasgian city-states Megara and Elida, seem to have received funds and mercenaries from Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon in 34% BC. The threat with which Sparta burdens its neighbors Metsanion, Megalopoliton and Argos is a second chance for the ruler of Makedonia. Unable to count on Adzena, an ally of Sparta or the weakened Dzeva, some not-assimilated Pelasgian city-states who fear the restoration of Spartan power seek protection from the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy

One inscription mentioned by Didim reveals that at the end of 345 BC the inhabitants of Metsanion and Megalopoliton asked to be admitted to the Amfictonia and their main goal was to assimilate and subjugate, such a development would reduce their importance, they collided with rejection, but it is possible that the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy was inclined to such a transformation that would allow him to exercise supremacy over the entire Peninsula of Dze starting at Delphi.

The Arcadian League

As the Spartans resumed their attacks on their neighbors in the spring of 344 BC, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy sent mercenaries to help Metsanion, and word spread that he himself was preparing to come and undertake a campaign against Sparta.

Demosthenes manages to be sent by the people as an envoy of the Peninsula of Dze and warns the inhabitants of Argos and Metsanion against the Makedonian alliance; because of their trust in Vasileos Philippoy, the inhabitants of Olindzeion experienced the city being destroyed, and the Dzetsalia lost their freedom.

 „ The only protection of democracies against tyrants is mistrust ".

Demosthenes fails to drive the inhabitants of Metsanion, Argos, and Megalopoliton out of the Makedonian alliance, but his action provokes a written objection from the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy who is surprised by the hostile behavior of his Adzaians "allies". While the Adzaians agree on the answer they should give to this letter from the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy

The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy, however, continues his interference in the Peninsula of Dze. In 343 BC, he militarily supported his followers in Oreos and Eretria on Eyvoia. In the autumn of the same year, he replaced the ruler of Molosi, Aribay, with the young brother of Olympia, Alexandroy of Molosi, whom he raised in the court in Makedonia and to whom he was very close (evil tongues show him as the boy's heresy).

Coins from Alexander the First of MolosiCoins from Alexander the First of Molosi

Coins from Alexander the First of Molosi

At the beginning of the spring he undertakes in principle at the expense of Alexander the conquest of the City-States of Kasopia (northwest of the Gulf of Ambracia). His intention is probably to go to the Gulf of Qudze; then he could transfer armies to the Peninsula of Dze without caring about the Dzevaans and Adzaians, whose possible resistance would be bypassed from the west. The Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy's plans are revealed in time: Ambracia, the Akarnans and the Fochians seek an alliance with Adzena, which immediately agrees and sends troops to Akarnania. Before this resolute resistance, the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy does not insist and returns to Makedonia.

Makedonia to the Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in 339 B.C

Makedonia to the Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in 339 B.C

In 340 BC. the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy conquered Berindzeion (not Perinth) and in 339 BC. Py (not Vizantion, the Romans gave that name to the city, centuries later) with which VASILEONDON Makedonia reaches the Pyon Sey (Black Sea).
Later he returned to his old goal - to conquer the city-states. The Adzaian orator Demosthenes, who constantly spoke against the Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, also helped him in that.

The Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philipoy ambitions were not just to conquer city-states and become dependent on him, he says:

1.''I DON'T WANT ANYTHING ELSE IN MY LIFE, EXCEPT THE CITY STATES TO CRAWL LIKE WORMS UNDER MY LEGS'', but also,
2. Aga Sey (Aegean Sea) to become the Makedonian Sea, which borders the Makedonian territories to the east and west, north and south.

Coin from Berindzeion 320 BC

Coin from Py 340 - 320 BC

Another significant discovery Py was the name of the city at that time, not "Vizantion" the Romans gave it that name, so the lies don't stop hereVizantion roman coin 60 BC..

So at that time he was appointed by the Makedonian tribe - MAKEDONON, MAKEDON ON - he is Makedon, son of the goddess Ma the Great Mother. This was a title not his surname. At that time was no used surname in Makedonia.

Filippoy MakedononThe Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy UNIFIER of the OF SIXTEEN MAKEDONIAN TRIBES IN ONE STATE - Makedonia, which were tribes who worshiped the goddess the Great Mother - MA. ''NAROD - NA ROD'' - same gene - relatives - same nation.

  THE MAKEDONIAN SUN WITH SIXTEEN  SOLAR  RAYS   FOR FIRST TIME INTRODUCED BY VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY - MAKEDONON, (purpose Makedon?)  WHO REPRESENTS UNIFICATION OF SIXTEEN MAKEDONIAN TRIBES IN ONE STATE  BY VASILEOS MAKEDONON PHILIPPOY  THE MAKEDONIAN KING. Than for OF GRATITUDE FROM THE MAKEDONIANS HAS RECEIVED THE TITLE:

>>>> MAKEDONON - (MAKEDON HE) <<<<

 

THE MOST GLORIOUS TITLE THAT MAY RECEIVE ONE MAKEDONIAN VASILEOS - KING, BY THE MAKEDONIANS.

МАКЕДОНСКОТО СОНЦЕ НA ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ - ОД древниот македонски град Еге

THE MAKEDONIAN SUN OF VASILEOS PHILIPPOY MAKEDONON - THE MAKEDONIAN from the ancient Makedonian capital AGA

АGА, not Aegea or ''vegina''

The Makedonian tribe who Vasileos Makedonon Philipoy who he had unified, it's

Agaians
(From Aga),

Almopians
(From Almopija)

Bellasti
(From Bellas),

Berdikans
(From Ber),

Belagonians
(From Belagon),

Ilimaians
(From Ilimaia),

Linkestians
(From Link),

Orestians
(From Orest),

Payonians
(From Payonia),

Halkideons
(From the Peninsula Halkideon),

Molosians
(From Molosi - Achilea),

Madzeians
(From Madzeia - Southeastern Dzena and Northwestern Dzenika (Southeastern Europe and Northwestern Asia Minor), therefore the Makedonian vasileos Philippoy Makedonon planned a campaign on Persia, to liberate them. The Madzeians can also be considered the (the Brigians) Phrygians. There were other colonies of Makedonians in Dzenica, the Makedonian colonies colonized earlier),

Thracians
(From Thrace)

Tribalians
(From Tribalion),

Ilirians
(From Iliria ) and

Dardanians
(From Dardania, they were a kind of Illyrian).

Their common feature is that they worshiped the Goddess Great Mother - MA.

 BEFORE THE UNIFICATION THE MAKEDONIAN SUN WAS WITH EIGHT SOLAR RAYS, joined symbolically by rays around (Dze) the ruler:

Agaians
(From Aga),

Almopians
(From Almopija)

Bellasti
(From Bellas),

Berdikans
(From Ber),

Belagonians
(From Belagon),

Ilimaians
(From Ilimaia),

Linkestians
(From Link),

Orestians
(From Orest).

 


338 BC Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy with his army and prince Alexandroy marched towards Dzermopole - the pass of Dze, (not ''Thermopylae), where they collided with a garrison of Dzeva and set out to occupy Elatia. Meanwhile, Adzanas under Demosthenes voted to unite against Makedonia. Adzena sent emissaries and asked Dzeva to unite and become allies.
Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, supported by ''the Holy League'' - Amfictoniada, marched on Amphisa, blocked the mercenaries sent by Demosthenes, and accepted the surrender of the city. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy then withdrew from Elatea and offered peace with Dzeva and Adzena which was rejected by Dzeva and Adzena.

The fountain of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, built in 338 BC. still used.
It receives water with the help of hydraulic pumps which are the oldest preserved functional hydraulic device in the world.
The fountain was built by the Makedonian army on the order of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in 338 BC. near Nestani on the Gulf of Gorindze . The numerous Makedonian soldiers who were encamped nearby, for several weeks and needed clean and fresh water before the siege of the city of Amphisa and so with the help of the Makedonian engineers the fountain was made.

Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy conquered the city and expelled the inhabitants of the city because they interfered.

This was seen as the 4th Holy War.

In the battle of Aroneia in 338 BC. the Makedonian army led by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy defeated the allied Dzevans, Adzaians and their allies. 

                                   The Battle of Aroneia

      The Battle of The Battle of Aroneia - the land of Aaron the first creator of the land "D" is the second according to the Makedonian calendar, not ''Chaeronea'' (338 BC) took place near Aroneia, in Voioa, and was the greatest victory of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philipoy. There the Makedonians under the command of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy with 32,000 army defeated the smaller combined forces of Adzena, Dzeva and their allies, strengthening Makedonian hegemony over the city-states.
      The battle was fought according to the classic principles of warfare - the army of Adzena, Dzeva and their allies against the Makedonian phalanx of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. 

     The Adzaians under Har, Stratokle and Demosthenes of Adzena were on the left wing, and the Dzevans under Teagen of Voioa with the Dzevan Holy Battalion on the right. The Adzaians and Dzevans were stationed at the center of the battle line, from their right and left their allies

    More accurate number than city states: Dzevans in total number around 12.000 on the left with the Dzevan Holy Battalion, the Adzaians in total number around 9.000 were deployed on the left and in the center were the smaller city-states: Eyvoia, Qudze, Megara, Leuca, Corcira with a total of about 9,000 troops and were positioned in the center. The right and left wings were reinforced with 2,500 more mercenaries. The allies were mostly infantry.

    Among the Makedonians, Vasileos Makedonon Philipoy commanded the right wing , while prince Alexandoy commanded the left - although supervised by the best commanders of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. The famous equestrian companions - CHETA IROI - BATTALION HEROES, were placed behind the Makedonian battle line.

   The Makedonians numbered 30,000 heavy and light infantry and about 2,000 cavalry.
   The phalanx led by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and the cavalry led by the young prince Alexandoy.

     Ancient sources say the two sides fought fiercely for a long time. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy deliberately withdrew his troops to the right wing to break through the Adzaian-Dzevan lines.  

From the records of the battle of Aroneia by the historian Diodorus Siculus for Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy:

    ( 4. 2. 2 ) 
    Affront the Adzeians of Aroneia,
   Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy starred in the retreat. While, Stratokle  
   the leader of the Adzaians ordered his own 
   soldiers to attack forward, and scream:
  ''We will pursue them to the heart of Makedonia''
   Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy calmly observing them:
   ''the Adzaians do not know how to win''
   and ordered his phalanx to be compact and firm and to retreat slowly, 
   protecting themselves with shields from attack
   of the enemy. When he with this maneuver 
   dragged them out of their better 
    position and with this gained supremacy, he stand up
    and encouraging his soldiers he ordered a strong attack,
   so frighten the enemy and win a magnificent victory in its benefit.

   ( 4. 2. 7 ) 
   To Aroneia (Chaeronea) Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy knowing that the united cities are passionate and untrained,  and Makedonians accustomed to effort and training, it was meant to make the Adzaians be tired and with thus they cannot it endure the final attack.

 

 


The young prince Alexandoy was the first to break the Dzevan lines, followed by a brave battalion - CHETA IROI - BATTALION HEROES  (probably relatives and friends), seeing this, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy set out to attack with rage, and the Adzaians - passionate but untrained - they could not oppose to the Makedonian veterans. With the withdrawal of the Adzaians, the Dzevans were left to fight alone and were defeated. After a strong fight, prince Alexandoy managed to destroy TOTALLY The Dzevan Holy Battalion. 254 Dzevans soldiers were killed. 

Diodorus

'' And now the young prince Alexandoy, in his heart determined to 
show how valuable he is, thirsty for victory
faithfully followed by his comrades>>>> [ hetairoi ] <<<<<- >>>> CHETA IROI - BATTALION HEROES  <<<<<< - ,  first succeeded to break through the solid defensive line,
killing many of them, penetrating deep into the enemy lines in front of him.

The same feat encouraged his friends and they made their way in front of the enemy. ''

Diodorus

'' The corpses piled up while 
the young prince Alexandoy do not make open way through 
enemy lines and made them to escape.
Then the Vasieos (the ruler) personally attacked in the first line
and did not allow the credit for the young prince Alexandoy's victory either
.
He rather made them withdraw the first
rows in front of him forcing them on
escape. He became the most deserving of the victory. ''

Part of the description of the Battle of Aroneia by the historian Plutarch:

'' He was the first to attack the Dzevan Holy Battalion'' (Life of Alexander).
'' all hit in the chest by Makedonian spears '' ( Life of Pelopidea ).

So the Dzevan Holy Battalion was surrounded, from the front the phalanx with the Makedonian long spears, and from behind the young prince Alexandoy with his own >>>> HETA IROI - BATTALION HEROES <<<< in a well-known Makedonian military tactic.    

 "[ Our enemies have lived a carefree and luxurious life for centuries, we from Makedonia have been trained for generations in the difficult life of danger and war. All in all, we are free people, and they are slaves ]." The Makedonian cavalry - CHETAIROI - ''The Company of Heroes''.   

      The Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy made from his son Alexandroy a great warrior. The young prince Alexandoy  from childhood he was trained in the difficult nature of danger and war. The Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy made from his son Alexandroy made him sleep with lions and sometimes with snakes, it sounds cruel but the "final product '' is important

            '' The corpses piled up while 
the young prince Alexandoy do not make open way through 
enemy lines ,...... '' killing many of them, penetrating deep into the enemy lines in front of him.'' - So first before his father the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy who made a "Lion" from his son the young prince Alexandoy. He was always the first to set an example, and with that he gave superhuman strength to his Makedonian HETA IROI - BATTALION HEROES and soldiers who faithfully followed him in battle.

           How did by the historian Plutarch evaluate the Makedonians in the battle of Aroneia (not Chaeronea):

                 '' The Adzaians treat himself in the battle near Makedonians as demigods among wild beasts '' .  

Another important thing among the Makedonians was that they forgave each other's sins ( if they had an unresolved problem with each other ) before the start of each battle
So not only well equipped and trained but also mentally prepared THEY CONQUERED ALL UNTIL IN INDIA and had no enemy who could oppose it. UNTIL THEY WERE UNITED and of course as long as they forgave each other their sins.  

Of the glorious 300 members of the Holy Dzevan Battalion, 254 were killed, 46 were wounded and captured, and 1,000 Adzaians were killed. Total Voioan casualties are unknown (but at least 254).

    The Makedonians started teasing the Dzevans, the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy interrupted them and said: 

            '' TO DEATH, THE ONE WHO WILL SAY THAT THEY DID SOMETHING IMMORAL '' 

    He buried the dead Dzevans under a statue of a lion - the Lion Aroneia. The other captured Dzevan soldiers were sold as slaves, with that money the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy established a military base in dzeva.

     From Dzeva, the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy went to Adzena and handed over the captured Adzaian soldiers. For this gesture, the Adzaians made a life-size statue of the Makedonian Vasileos Philippoy.

The Lion of Aroneia before being reassembled

        IS IMPORTANT THAT IN THE BATTLE OF Aroneia, PARTICIPATED and Adzaian Demosthenes IN THE BATTLE AS AN ORDINARY HOPLITE WHO RUNNING LIKE A RABBIT ESCAPED IN FRONT OF the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. Demosthenes and all those who were against the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy ESCAPES TO PERSIA AND COOPERATE WITH THE PERSIANS AGAINST THE MAKEDONIANS.

    Effect 

      Adzena and Dzeva the cities states were defeated and fell under Makedonian rule, but did not have the status of slaves and did not pay taxes. On the General Peace included in the winter 338/7 BC. they were allowed freedom and autonomy but it was still limited, the following obligations were imposed on them by the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. 

They were forbidden:

- forcible change to the government 
- new redistribution of land 
- debt cancellation 
- liberation of slaves 
- forcing political opponents 
- confiscation of property 
- return of political refugees 
- entering the service of other states 
- association in alliances 
- between fights 


     Through the peace concluded after the battle of Aroneia, the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, although he did not occupy them militarily (except for the four military bases around the island of Eyvoia), still interfered in the internal affairs of the police and the private property of their citizens, and thus their subordinate position in relation to the Makedonians. 

     THE LEAGUE OF DZE
      

       In 337 BC. at the congress The Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy invited the countries of the region to Qudze or Gorindze (Corinth), all of them, except Sparta, decided to form THE LEAGUE OF DZE (not the Corinthian League), led by the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. The members of the League agreed not to fight with each other unless it was a matter of stifling a revolution. The Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy was chosen as the leader AGAMEMNON (LIFE LEADER) the name come from Agamemnon of Mycenae, ''hegemon'' is wrong, in the campaign who he planned to undertake against the century-old enemy - the powerful Persia, so that the Makedonians would REVENGE TO THE PERSIAN OCCUPATION OF MAKEDONIA and the others IN TIME.

    The Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy thought that the city states had the same interest, so he called them to follow him.

What does THE LEAGUE OF DZE - Alliance actually mean, and it is a replacement for the military-religious organization Amphitony - the old military - religious alliance, which is an alliance for the defense of Persia, with the THE LEAGUE OF DZE - a wider military alliance to attack and destroy Persia, led by Makedonia.

 

ASSASSINATION

    Having the unreserved support of the THE LEAGUE OF DZE, he sent the Makedonian warlord Parmenion with 10,000 troops on a reconnaissance in Dzenika (Asia Minor) and began large-scale military preparations, but at the time of their course in 336 BC. was assassinated at his daughter Dzeia (Europa's) wedding at the city of Aga in the theater.  Before that the young prince Alexandoy had returned from exile, before that he had quarreled with his father Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, the reason was the divorce with Olympia.

  

  The Assassination of The Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy written by the historian Diodorus (16.94.3-4):

        ''Paysania left his horses at the city gates  
        and headed for the entrance of the theater hiding a Celtic knife under his cloak.
        When the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy ordered his companions friends to wait for him at the theater
        when the guards are keeping their distance, Paysania saw that the vasileos - the ruler was left alone 
        and ran towards him, stabbing him in the chest, knocking him dead
         Then he run to the gates to of the horses
        which had previously prepared them for escape.

       Immediately a part of the guard approached the body of the vasileos,
       while others prosecuted the assassin. 
       Among them were Leonant, Berdicca and Atal.
        Having a good advantage, Paysania would have ridden
       on his horse before he stumbled from one wedge falling.
       As he got up, Berdiccas and the others
        they attacked him and killed him with their knives.''



                  

The Assassination of The Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy

The great Makedonian ruler, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, was buried in Aga (Aegea), in a secret location, with all the ceremonies and rites. After 2 millennia, the tomb was discovered in 1977 by the Greeks and they ''desecrated'' it - profaned and stolen and destroyed departments by the Greeks.

In AGA, where the tomb of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, the father of the Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy, was discovered, and in it were discovered over 5000 artifacts and written documents about which the world public knows almost nothing. The Greek government took the found artifacts and written documents to a secret place in Athens with great security measures, and after a while it was learned that those same inventions that were found in AGA were crushed into small pieces and thrown into the depths of the Aegean Sea. With that, GENOCIDE was committed not only on Macedonian but also on World history and civilization.

They destroyed that valuable writing, they made from all makedonian sacred a tourist attraction from the famous Makedonian ruler, they "separated" the artifacts from the Makedonian tomb, to more "archaeological" finds throughout Greece.

Македонија по Филип BТОРИ

Македонија по Филип BТОРИ

Македонија по Филип BТОРИ

Македонија по Филип BТОРИ

THIS IS A SHAME YOU UNCIVILIZED GREEKS ANIMALS

THIS IS A SHAME YOU UNCIVILIZED GREEKS ANIMALS

It proved that the Makedonians in the time of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy had dental knowledge

Dental work

It proved that the Makedonians in the time of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy had dental knowledge

Makedonia to the Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in 336 B.C. and territories under the protection of Makedonia -The League od Dze

Makedonia to the Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in 336 B.C. and territories under the protection of Makedonia -The League od Dze

'' AGA SEY (Aegean Sea) to become the Makedonian Sea, which borders the Makedonian territories to the east and west, north and south '', - the idea of the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy

 

ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ - Makedonia 336 BC, north to the Danube, northwest to Dalmatia. Dalmatia stands for Dal Mat i A- and I'm at Ma, so it's a bit harder to determine the North West border. The Illyrians, Dardanians, Tribals and Thracians recognized Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy as their ruler.   

ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ   -  The League od Dze - territories under the protection of Makedonia. Argos, Megalopolis and Messena previously formed the "Arcadian League", an alliance for defense against Sparta, that's what that alliance was for.

ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ - Delfi or Delphi, DE L'FI, from where faith is spoken and preached, Philip of Makedonia separated Delphi from Phocia, so the city became a kind of "Holy Mountain" or the Vatican today, the Macedonian ruler led 2 holy wars in the name of Anfictoniada - the Holy An alliance based in Delphi, but Makedonia did not become a member of that alliance until after 346 BC. The Anfictoniada League is a religious alliance into which Makedonia was admitted only in 346 BC. And the other stronger members of the Holy Alliance in the past, including Vasileos Philip of Makedon, used that alliance to prevail over the others.

ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ- Sparta remained independent until 330 BC. when it was forced by Antipater to become a member of the League of Dze, until its abolition by Vasileon Makedonon Alexander of Makedon 329 BC . This data is hidden.

SEAS

- AGA SEY - Aegean sea,

- MAKEDON SEY- Makedonia sea,

- PONT SEY- Black sea.

IMPORTANT ISLANDS BO AGAEAN SEA

- The island of Dze, not ''thasos''.

- Kydon - Kay don not ''crete'', it is a "Roman-Etruscan" name, which signifies'' k'r Т'' - the land of T (Taras).

IMPORTANT PENINSULAS IN THE AGAEAN SEA

- Halkideon - the bracelets of Don, not ''Chalcidice'',

- The peninsula of Dze,

- Adzenika, not ''attica''.

MORE IMPORTANT SEA PASSAGES

ILESPONT - the passage from Dzeia to Dzenika (Ile s P on T - Ile with Pon T, not "Hellespont", "hell" is a Latin word).

 

                                                Marriages of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy

      Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy did not make Makedonia a military force only by force and war, but with skillful diplomacy, but also with an ingenious idea: to get married.
     The Makedonian Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy he married after every war he waged with every people.

    After the war with Illyria, he married Avdeta and Phila, from whom he had a daughter, Kinani - known for his hunting and war skills.

     When he took Dzetsalia he married Nikadzepola from whom he had a daughter Dzetsalonica. From there he took Phila, a famous dancer from whom he had a son Aridey later known as vasileos Philippoy THIRD Aridej.

     When he annexed it Molossia, married Olimpia, from whom he had a daughter, Kleopatra (Cleopatra), and Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy. Olimpia - her original name was Polyxena, but in her childhood she bore the name Mirtala, and after the wedding, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy gave it the name Olimpia in honor of the sports games. However, at the end of her life, her name was changed again, this time to Stratonika.

     When he annexed Thrace, he took her as the wife and daughter of the ruler Kotela, Meda. The biographer of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, Satire quoted from Athen (13-557) writes:
'' Taking her as his wife, he brought the second bride to Makedonia, after Olympia ''.
Meda committed suicide immediately after the assassination of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, she was buried in the grave together with the Makedonian ruler with respect.

    Finally, LOVED IN HER, he married the Makedonian, Kleopatra and from her he had a daughter, Dzeia (Europa), and after the battle of Aroneia, he officially married her, and then there is his son Karan, a marriage that was the cause of many disagreements and problems.

       The Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy said:


 [1]   - The Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy was asked which people he loves the most and which he hates the most. Philip of Macedon replied:

'' THOSE  WHAT  I  CAN  BUY  HIM,  I  LOVE  HIM  THE  MOST... THOSE  WHAT  I  BUY  IT,  I  HATE  HIM  THE  MOST ''.

 [2]   - '' IF  SMALL  LION  GROWS  WITH  THE  SHEEP,  WHEN  HE  GROWS  UP,  IT  WILL  BE  ONLY  ONE  SHEEP '' .

 [3] - '' ALL  MY  LIFE  I  DID  NOT  WANT  NOTHING  ELSE  OF  THAT: THE  STATE CITIES,  TO  DROOG LIKE  WORMS  UNDER  MY  FEET ''

 [4] '' Meet your enemy, face to face.. with equal arms... and after defeating him, respect him and make him your friend, on the contrary, you are NOT the Makedonian ''.

 [5] - They do not know how to win ''.

 [6] " -  '' YOU  ARE  NOT  SUPERIOR  IF  YOU  UNDERESTIMATE  YOURE  ADVERSARY '' 

 [7]   - "Did not run away but, like a ram, I pulled back to butt again harder ".

 [8]   - '' There is no wall that is high enough to stop a horse with a cart filled with gold.''

 

Quotes for The Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy:

- The historyan Dionysius says that after Aroneia (Chaeronea) [Diogenes of Sinope] he was captured and taken to Vasileos Philip.  Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy who asked him who he was, he replied: "Observer of your insatiable greed." For this brave joke he was admired and released. (Diogenes Laertius)

- [Criticizing the slowness of democracy] We are here to do nothing. But when we lie in idleness, we cannot even ask friends to act on our behalf, let alone the gods. Nor is it strange that he, who personally takes part in the campaigns, battles, and military actions, and is always present everywhere, who never neglects pious occasions, in any season of the year, succeeds in prevailing over us, and we we spend our time voting on decrees and waiting for news. (Demosthenes).

- When the latter [Aeschines and Philcoratus] praised Vasileos Philip as a man of great ability in speaking and handsome to look upon and for DZE - (Zeus), an excellent drinker, Demosthenes could do nothing but invent and degrade, saying that the first praise was fit for a sophist, the second for a woman, the third for a sponge, none for a ruler. (Plutarch).

- Surely you know that the chief cause of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy success was always that he was the first to arrive: with an army on the fighting foot, always ready and knowing well what he wanted, he surprising those he attacked; while we, only when we know something is happening, only then do we get upset and start preparing. (Demosthenes)

- If you measure your shadow, you will see that it is no longer than it was before the victory [the battle of Aroneia]. (Arichdamus 3).

 

Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy puts sex into practice to achieve his political goals. This powerful "weapon" was used by Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy and the Egyptian (Coptian) ruler of Makedonian origin, Cleopatra.

 


Makedonian folk poetry about Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy

[1]

„Чедо си нема цар Филип, 
чедо си нема девет години, 
жалба му е останало, 
останало дур до Бога“

Филип замина да војува цела година,
но пред да тргне и порачал нa сопругата 
Олимпија дека кога ќе се врати сака да
види машко новороденче. 
Така, еден билкар ја излечил Олимпија, по што се раѓа Александар
, со прстен на раката.

 

Чедо си нема цар Филип
Чедо си нема девет години,
Желба му е останало,
Останало дур на бога.
Наврвило цар Филипа
Да му иде на ордија,
На ордија на оскета.
И ми рече цар Филипа:
Чуеш ли ме, прво љубе
Ја ќе седам на ордија,
Ја ќе седам една година
Кога дојда да те најда
с машко дете в раките.
Силно и се заканило:
-Ак не најда машко дете,
Ав раката ти да носиш,
До там си е тој живота.
Пак отиде цар Филип,
Забави се, бре, година.
Пак се чуди прво љубе,
Как да стигне машко дете,
Заминаха биларето,
Биларето екемџие,
Потерева цар Филиповица,
Порука ги на дворове,
И ми рече цар Филиповица:
- Имате ли лек за мене некој болка,
Да заходем малко дете?
Тогај рече екемџиа:
- Ќе ти давам една биљка,
Јаз ке дојда кога мркне,
Немој мене да изгониш,
Ем застани ходајата,
Там да спием таја ноќе,
Тога што веќе затегнеш.
Отиде кога мркна,
Не го изгонила ванка,
Затвори го ходајата,
Те ми спиет шест сахата.
Пак си стана биларане,
Отиде си оде дојде,
Замина се годината,
Царица е затегнала,
Машко е дете породила,
Сос прстен на раката,
На пстене бе исписан
И как да го крстат:
Крстиха го Александро.
Кога се е породило
И коњ му се ождребило.
Коње му е бележита:
Нозе има до ушите,
Крила има до плешките.

РАсли ми салам порасли,
Станали са два јунаци.
И погине цар Филип,
И му седна на столнина

Александро чедото му,
Да царува да повеља
Таја земе и крајнина.
Дочуло е цар Хируда,
Та ми прати това бакшиш
Еден товар празово семе,
И му прати една трака,
Една трака, една жура.
Досети се Александро,
И тој му е бакшиш пратил:
Два товара от пипер семе.
Достигнаха два товара,
Достигнаха до цар Хируд,
Пак се сети цар Хируда:
Што е малко не се лаже,
Тој ќе дојде с повеќе оске.
Ајде ние да идеме,
Да идеме на панагир
Тамо јунасто да чиниме.
Излезова два јунака од два цара:
Упасова от цар Хируд негов сина
Упасова остра сабе,
Припустноват на кошие.
Ни ми стигна Александро,
Запреха се на друмове,
Тогај рече Александро,
Карај сега ти напреди!
Как закара тој напреди
По него иде Александро:
Като пусна брза коња,
Та го распра сас рогове,
И коње му и човека.
Сите ми се почудиха
И рекоха на панагир:
- Цар ќе биде Александро
Пак отиде до дома си
Коласа го цар Хируд
Да му земе царштината.
Отговори Александро:
-Ако сакаш да се бием
И ти збери силна оске.
Уплаши се цар Хируда,
Јак излезе Александро
Та му отне царштината.
Пак ми броди по земета
С пет стотин силен аскер,
Та ми броди от град на град,
Сичка земе посвоило,
Да ми седе да царова.
Пак отиде Александро
На крајнина в темна земе
Там имаше една вода,
Една вода таја река,
Та имаше тое риби,
Как ходеха по водата,
Там не може да замине,
Нето човек, не добитак
Там се чудет три дни време,
Та имаше два јунака
Два јунака на воскета
Имаха си затворено,
Стари татко ав сандака.
Питаха го до два брата:
- Чуеш ли ме, наши татко!
Научи ме , наши башта,
Как да минем през реката?
Отговори стари старец:
- Навалите до два огња,
Нажежите камењето,
Нафрлите ав реката,
Да се тргнат тие риби.
Тргнаха се, заминаха,
Заминаха през водата.
Де ги дочу Александро,
Та ги пита Александро:-
- Чуете ли, два јунака!
Кој ви учи, ум ви дава,
Што речете така станет,
- Тебе, царо, лажа нема:
Имаме си наши татко,
Затворено е в сандака,
Там го храним и го поим,
Тој на ичу, ум ми дава.
Кога беѓе нези заман,
Губеха се стари људи,
Зап учини Александро:
- Немој веќе да се губете,
Кога се умре сам от бога,
Кој не даде, тој ќе не и земе,
Пак отиде в темна земе,
Тамо најде жива вода.
Пак се врна Александро,
Та седело три години
На царштина, на столнина
Тој подрѓа сичка земе,
Сичка земе и краишта.
Заман дојде Александро,
Расходи се низ полето,
Тој имаше до две сестри,
Как си пиха жива вода,
Веќе тие ме умреха,
Отидоха в Бело Море,
Та се скриха од брата си,
Там си седат до денес дане,
Не умират, не становат.
Кога дојде Александро,
И коња наслужили жива вода напојили
И тој веќе не умира.
Пак пошета Александро
По друмове низ полето
С кафаџие чоадоре
Тамо стигна един старец,
Та ми кара дребан добитак,
Забахтал се ав азмака.
Тога рече Александро:
- Добро стигна. Ој ти старец!
- Дај бог добро, бре делио!
Те му рече Александро:
- Ајде , дедо, да врвиме!
- Де ќе врве, Александро!
Де ќе врве без добитак,
Тога рече Александро:
- Земте вие чоадаре,
Чоадаре кафеџие,
Извадите добитака,
От ќамура от батака.
Пуснаха се кафеџие
Да му извадат добитака,
Пак не может да го извадат.
Тога стана Александро,
Как ми фати добитака,
Та го здигна сос земета.
Тогај рече стари старец:
- Кој ти даде, Александро,
Кој ти даде таја јакост?
- Мене ми е Господ даде.
И му рече стари старец:
- Александро добар јунак,
Ги да влезеш дребан аскер,
Дребан аскер Господови:
Мушинките, комарете,
Можеш ли се од тех чуваш?
Тога рече Александро:
Ја поспи сичка земе,
Сичка земе и краишта,
Од тех мухи ни са бое.
Това не бе стари старец,
Ем си беше Риста бога,
Риста бога сам Христоса,
Ралма даде та си фркна на небото,
Па кондиса цар небесен
У рај божји посветени.
Пак си ходи Александро,
Пак си ходи трид дни и три ношти.
Та го гонат комарете,
Сан не му дават да заспие,
Леб не јаде три дни време,
Да замине това поле, тамо најде мајсторете,
Мајсторете дунгерето,
Това поле камен делат,
Камен делат за користо.
Тога рече Александро:
- Аман брате, от комаре,
Стој да легна в това камен,
Белке мога да се скрие,
Ав корито от камаене,
Де му влезет комарете:
В едно ухо тие влезат,
Те през друго излезова.
Там си умре Александро,
Ав камене от комаре.
Веќе му се довршило
Царство му се битисало.
Коње му е живо останало:
Пустиха го оф сазовето,
Оф сазовето ав Драмското,
Драмското в езерото
Там си живи до живота.
Тамо живи в езерото,
Тамо живи дур до днеска.
Това стори Александро.
Останала тае песна
Да се пои приказова.
От бога здраве, от мене песна.


 

The tragic story of the death of Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy father, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. And the assassination remained unsolved


Location: Makedonia

Period: 336 BC

background

Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy married Olympias, a princess of Molosia, Molosia was an ally of Vasileos Philippoy.

Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy was born of that marriage.

After twenty years, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy married Eurydice, a noble Makedonian family.

Eurydice gave birth to a daughter, Dzeia (Europa), and in 336 BC. So does son Karan.

As a result Olympias and her son Alexander was no longer the heir to the throne. The enraged Olympias retreated into exile in her own country, Molosia.

Sacred marriage

During the summer of 336 it was celebrated in Aga (modern Vergina), the ancient city of Makedonia, at the wedding of the daughter of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and the ruler of Molosia, Alexander the First.

Olympia, mother of the bride and sister of the groom, saw an opportunity to avenge her family.

The marriage was celebrated and the day after it was announced that a ceremonial procession would precede the start of the games.

 

The Procession and Death of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy the Makedonian ruler

At dawn, the Olympian Gods were given a procession, including the statue of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. Before they entered the arena, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy ordered the guards to leave, because only a tyrant needs a military escort among men. Along with Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy were the two young princes: his son Alexandroy and Alexander the ruler of Molosia, the bridegroom.

Upon entering, one of his bodyguards, Paysania, approached and stabbed Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy.
Paysania fled to the outskirts of the city, where accomplices were waiting for him with horses that were from the mountainous regions of Makedonia, and one even from the Aegean, but he stumbled and was hit by the pursuers.

Death of Paysania

According to some Paysania was immediately killed by the pursuers, as in practice was followed in many other cases of great crimes. According to others, he was arrested, brought to the arena, interrogated and sentenced to death immediately, perhaps with excessive speed.

Aristotle's version: the homosexual version

According to Aristotle, who lived at court as Alexander's tutor, Paysania killed Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy because he had been insulted by the followers of Attalus, the father of
Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy wife Eurydice.

It is one version of xomosexuals. Paysania was the lover of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy Atalus, jealous, would lure him to dinner Paysania, after getting drunk and under the influence of alcohol, was subject to sexual violence by his men.
Paysania sought revenge for that act on the part of Attal, but Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy would not hear of those grievances.

This version tends to present the murder as a private matter and to vilify Eurydice's family.

Attalus was later killed by order of Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy, and Eurydice by order of Olympias.

Paysania and Olympia: a conspiracy born in Molosia

Paysania was a noble who came from the western provinces, which had just been annexed to Makedonia. Previously, these lands were part of the Molosians. The family of Olympia - a Molosian princess, was related to Paysania. Contacts between the two families can be frequent and Olympia can also influence Paysania's family.

The fact that there were accomplices to Paysania

Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's death would lead him immediately to the throne of Alexandroy

An alternative was that after Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's death Eurydice's son, the grandson of Attal, came to the throne.

By killing Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, Olympia took revenge, and the throne of Macedonia was taken over by her son.

According to Justin (9, 7. 10), Olympias, when she returned to Makedonia:

"She placed a golden crown on Paysania's head, erected a tomb, offered sacrifices in his honor and dedicated to Dze the sword with which Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy was struck."

However, the joy of killing does not mean that she was involved in the act itself.

Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy version, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's was killed by the Persians

According to Arrian ( Expedition of Alexander , 15, 5 ), Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy claims that the death of his father was to be attributed to the Persians, already at war with Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. In reality these people don't seem to be bragging, but it could have been military propaganda.

Who was the initiator?

There are many hypotheses, but as in other cases of major crimes, there is no evidence. Unfortunately, the killer, the nobleman Paysania, was killed while on the run or shortly after being arrested, another classic pattern. He must not speak.

 

Coin from Demastion KE ARAKLE I DON - Like Arakleon (Hercules) and Don (God). The city of Demastionis not found because they are looking for him in the wrong place, he is in area of Kreatovo, not in area of Ohrid.

The minting of Makedonian of gold and silver coins was perfected in the city of Demastion - ''D еМА s ' ТiОn - D(е) МА s ' Т(i) ON - D e (the creator) МА (the goddess MA) with Т(е) (Таr), ON - he, means unique'', the first, by Makedonian vasieos Makedonon Philippoy , became a truly unique masterpiece in antiquity and was used throughout the ancient world. The coins were made from domestic ores and the current mines around Kratovo, Zletovo and Kozuf. This was confirmed by the laboratories from France and Germany that comparatively analyzed the ores and coins of by Makedonian vasieos Makedonon Philippoy and vasileon Makedonon Alexandroy , excavated throughout the archeological sites throughout Republic of Macedonia, in the last few years.
The found ancient coins at the Isar Marvinci site were sent by professors Blazo Boev and Sonja Lepitkova from the Faculty of Mining from Stip and professor Vladimir Bermanets from the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics from Zagreb to a laboratory in the German city of Darmstadt, the exact composition of the coins, and then where the ores were taken to be minted. The coins date from the 4th century BC and are made from the Kratovo-Zletovo volcanic area.
The analogy of the helmets found at the same site showed that they were made of ores in Kratovo. These findings determine that the ancient Makedonians lived in this area, and Vasileon Makedonon Alexandroy himself used Kratovo ore for his coins.

Vasileos Amyntoy the FIRST introduced the coin - STATER of silver (srebrenik), the system copied it from Persia to facilitate economic development in Makedonia.
STATER - S'TATE'R, FATHER'S LAND .
S TAT AR more credibly.
STATAR - homeland - state
S'TATO - ''STATO'' - state, but in Italian.
''Patria'' - homeland, all is related to the word ''father'', in relation to the state.

Vasileos Amyntoy the FIRST introduced the and the coin - DRAHМА - DR AH МА.

DRAHМА - ''ΔΡΑΧΜA'' - singular
DRAHМАI - ''ΔΡΑΧΜAI'' - plural

The word DRAHМА is Makedonian, more precisely it is a sum of 3 words

DRAHМА - DR AH МА 

D'R - gift
АH - for
MA - the goddess Mother - Ма

So: DRAHМА - A gift for the goddess Mother - Ma ke don i a. The goddess Mother - Ма, he seeks only his own, not another.

Makedonian ruler Vasileos Alexandroy the FIRST, he was the first to put the letter "KOINON MAKEDONON ",on the Makedonian coin - stater, with that he protected the Makedonian alphabet and this act of his is of great importance.

In Demastion, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy drastically improved the Makedonian coin - stater of silver and introduced a new of gold - gold stater, so the Makedonian coin made of silver (srebre-nik) and gold (zlat-nik) - stater, became an international currency for payment in trade and economy.

DEMASTION - DE MA S'TI ON - with the goddess MA you too, ON - he, means unique, the first.

Probably Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy introduced the coin DRAHМА - A gift for the goddess Mother.

3 STATER'S = 1 DRAHМА.

 

ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ

ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ

ФИЛИП МАКЕДОНСКИ

Coin from the Makedonian city Mendaion Coin from the Makedonian city Mendaion

Coin from the Makedonian city Mendaion

Coin from the Makedonian city Mendaion

Coin from Cydon

Coin from city state of MA Aron

Coin from city state of MA Aron

Coin from the Makedonian city Akandzeion Coin from the Makedonian city Akandzeion

Coin from the Makedonian city Akandzeion

Coins from the Pelazgian city state of Sekion 350-280 BC

Coins from the Pelazgian city state of Sekion 350-280 BC, of the Peninsula of Dze

Kyzi - Madzeia coin from the Pelazgian city state near today's Bursa

Kyzi - Madzeia coin from the Pelazgian city state near today's Bursa

Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy presented on the stater of Kyzi - coin from the Pelazgian city state near today's Bursa (Turkey). Madzeia, Kyzi, stater of electron (a natural mixture of silver and gold), mid-4th century BC.

Obverse: A large racing horse running to right ridden by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy with beard, causa and Makedonian cap on his head. Imposed with chlamys, down under the horse tuna fish.

Reverse: Weight 16 grams, diameter 19 mm. A sumptuous mint, clear and sharply struck. Extremely rare and so far known from very few specimens.

 

Coins from Dzetsalia (sity Larisaion) Coins from Dzetsalia (sity Larisaion)

Coins from Dzetsalia (sity Larisaion)

Coins from Dzetsalia (sity Larisaion)

Coin from city state Avderateion

Coin from city state Avderateion

Coins from city state Qudze or Gorindze (Corinth)

Coins from city state Qudze or Gorindze (Corinth) Coins from city state Qudze or Gorindze (Corinth)

Coins from city state Qudze or Gorindze (Corinth)

Coins from city state Qudze or Gorindze (Corinth)

 

The first Philippic of Demosthenes

In just over a year, from the spring of 352 B.C. by the spring of 351 BC, Makedonia had become the greatest military power in the Aga Sey (Aegean) world. From Dzermopole (Thermopylae) to the Propontion, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy oversees a vast territory, corresponding to a circular arc of over 1000 kilometers. The stakes in the conflict between Adzena and Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy have changed their nature: it is no longer about holding a few places on the Makedonian coast, it is about the security of Adzenika and the security of the Adzaian supply. The continuation of the policy led by Adzena from 357 BC. (a state of principled war, but with very little military action) becomes extremely dangerous. Now it is necessary either to make peace as soon as possible or to start a decisive war. It is precisely this latter attitude that Demosthenes proposes to his fellow citizens in the first Philippic.
Before we consider this speech whose force surprised all ancient and modern interpreters, we should recall the Adzaian opinion in 351 - 53 BC. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is the subject of all conversations, his the smallest actions and movements are appreciated; various voices spread - J, in the sources are called the speeches of Demosthenes against Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. Otherwise the adjective "J" means to be against the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy.

The knowledge of the power of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and the danger he posed first caused a patriotic impulse and led to the sending of a unit on a campaign to Dzermopole in 352 BC. A little later, the Asians voted decisively measures to protect Illepont from Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, but these measures are not carried out: the same ones who enthusiastically voted for an expedition often show less zeal to pay the contributions or to go on an expedition. Added to this quite common inconsistency is a tendency to discouragement. Some Asians are gripped by a despondent resignation to fate. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's achievements give him almost divine power:

''Why then oppose him if he is invincible ?'' 

Many Adzaians who thought the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy insignificant in 353 BC thought him invincible in 351 BC: both opinions have the same factual consequence, inaction. Demosthenes begins his speech by apologizing for speaking first (he is only 33 years old and custom dictates that the elders speak first): this is, he declares, because the usual speakers have said nothing useful in previous debates. The introductory approach to the subject is not modest, but that introduction is deserved because it clearly announces to the listener that he will hear proposals radically different from those he is used to. Demosthenes then gets to the heart of the matter and begins his examination of Adzena's condition with a paradox:

What has hurt you the most in the past is exactly what should reassure you the most in the future. How come? Because the sorry state of your affairs is due to your not having done anything you should have done. And indeed, if you had done all that was necessary and the situation had been as it is now, then there would be no hope that it could be improved..

(R1Ш., I, § 2)
After this, Demosthenes backs up his thesis with historical examples of average conditions corrected thanks to decisive action. The first example is taken from Asian history: it is the victorious war waged by Adzena against Spartan domination in the beginning of the 4th century BC. The second example is precisely Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy himself from the beginning of his reign. If the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy had judged it very difficult to go to war with the Adzaians when they had so many strongholds in his own territory, and he had not a single ally, he would not have done anything of what he accomplished, he would not acquired this great power.

(RШ., I, § 5)
The fact that the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy achieved so much success is not because he has superhuman strength, but because he understood the rules governing international relations. But there was one thing he knew well, Asiatics: 'and that is, that all these places are as much war-stakes available to all without distinction, as by the law of nature, the goods of the absent are to those who are ready to seize them. , the properties of the careless to anyone who is not afraid of trouble and danger. Yes, that was his thought and this is how he subjugated everything, how he holds everything, both what he conquered with weapons and the peoples he made allies and friends of. For it is best to associate, to associate with those who are well prepared, firmly determined to do what is right''.

(RМ., I, § 5-6)
The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is an example, so they can imitate him and oppose him: it is enough for the Adzaians to accept the same rules as him and "with God's help" they will take revenge on "this man". Demosthenes then tries to dispel the objections that his hearers may raise against the effective policy he proposes. He underlines that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is also vulnerable: Do not imagine, indeed, that his present happiness will be as permanent as that of a god. Not even him, Adzaians, hate him, fear him, envy him, even some of those who seem to be the most loyal to him. Only, it is all at rest for the time being, for want of sure help, because of your slowness and your lack of determination.

(RМ., I, § 8)
That there is as yet no rebellion against Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, is because the discontented cannot hope for any support; everything would have changed if the azai had intervened decisively. After showing that the advance of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy was not at all inevitable, Demosthenes angrily mentions the ruler's power and intentions: He doesn't even leave you with a choice to act or stay still... He always needs something more; and all around him, he enfolds us in his nets, us who wait instead of act.

(RШ1., I, § 9)
In this exposition, Demosthenes blames, without openly mentioning, the Asians who would try to resign themselves to fate, for the glory of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy knows no bounds. The famous rebuke follows: "When, then, men Adzaians, when will you do the right thing?" The usual answers to this question, which many of Demosthenes' listeners probably muttered, were quite vague: "When there will be something new," "When it will be necessary ". These expressions evoke indignation in Demosthenes:

Eh! what could be more recent than this, a Makedonian attacking the Adzaians and edits things over Adzena?

(RШ., I, § 10)
Continuing his mockery of the speeches given at Adzena, Demosthenes underlines the frivolity of rumors about the health of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy:
"Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy died?" ... No, he is only sick". Dead or sick, what difference do you see in that? Let him disappear; and tomorrow, you yourselves will create another Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, if you treat your interests with the same indifference. For his is not his own strength that made him so powerful, but much more our carelessness.
The paradox presented here is the logical conclusion of the natural law stated above: the goods of the absent belong to those who act (§ 5). If one power stops defending its possessions, its negligence creates a gap that is immediately exploited by another power. The roots of the imbalance are not in the force of the one who spreads his influence, but in the inaction of the one who has given up self-defense.

The Adzaian inaction, Demosthenes continues, would prevent the city from seizing its most favorable opportunities: Even supposing for a moment that misfortune befell him, and that fortune, because she has always done more for us than we have done for ourselves, would do you that favor, do you know what would happen? Present there, helping in the general commotion, you will arrange everything according to your will. But such as you are, the opportunity will give you the sity of Amphipoliton in vain, you will be unable to take it, having neither your strength nor your will ready there.

(RШ.. I, § 12)
The conclusion which clearly follows from the first paragraph of the first Philippic, is that the state depends entirely on the behavior of the Adzaians. The second paragraph is a clear and accurate presentation of an action plan (§ 13-30).

Demosthenes proposes two series of measures: the first require preparations, the second must be carried out immediately. The speaker first lays out a plan of considerable scope: to prevent possible new incursions by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, the Adzaians must arm 50 triremes, be ready to sail themselves, and prepare ships to transport half the cavalry (also designated to sent to the scene of action) (§ 16).

 Either these preparations will frighten Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, or else he will have to face an Adzaian incursion into Makedonia while his forces operate abroad. Demosthenes does not specify when the 50 trieres should be ready: the shortest period, which must have been clear to the Adzians, was probably a few months.
The measures he foresees in the near future are more modest, but he presents them in a very detailed way: 2000 corporals of which 500 citizens, 200 horsemen of which 50 citizens and 10 fast trires should be constantly kept close to the Makedonian coast. This expeditionary force will constantly reside in the northern Aga Sey (Aegean Sea) and will wage war against Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy by frequent raids, in his territory. After clarifying that the presence of citizens in this capital is necessary for mercenaries and strategists to be forced to listen to the people, Demosthenes estimates the annual cost of this army at a total of 92 talents, this amount will not be quite sufficient for the support of the armies, but as he says restrainedly, "the war itself will make up for the rest". 

Demosthenes prepared and presented to the people a financial document explaining where to find the 92 necessary talents; unfortunately, this document is not in our manuscripts. After this exposition, Demosthenes encouraged his fellow citizens to accept his plan. He underlines the military advantages of his proposals. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy would no longer be able to use the Adzaians being blocked by the Etesian winds to attack their allies. The siege of the Makedonian coast with an Adzaian fleet will prevent Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy from robbing the islanders and the Makedonian will have to give up piracy and quick ventures against the Peninsula of Adzenika.

After this justification, the rhythm of the first Philippic accelerates. Demosthenes takes turns sharing advice and criticism faster and faster. The composition of the speech resembles that of some dramatic scenes, at the end of which after the longest tirades come stichomity (replies of a single verse). In a tone of bitter satire, Demosthenes underlines the senselessness of Adzaian behavior by showing several scandalous and devastating contrasts between the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and Adzena, of course, but also between the arrangement of the games and the army. Demosthenes summarizes Adzena's behavior through the image of barbarian boxers:
You, fighting with Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, are doing the same thing that barbarians who fight with their fists do. As soon as one of them is struck somewhere, he places his hand there; he is struck elsewhere, his hands go where the blow goes; and to defend himself, to see what is coming, he neither knows nor thinks about it.

(RМ1., I, 40)
The stake of the solution to be adopted is presented in an increasingly clear and increasingly rough way: One should not go after the events, but before them. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy will not stop if his path is not blocked. Since we do not want to fight him there today, we may be forced to do so here. If you are not determined to complete the task, the situation is really bad.


Whether the first Philippic made an impression on Demosthenes' Adzaian listeners in 351 BC cannot be said. But his proposals were not accepted.
If the first Philippic is unanimously recognized as a masterpiece of oratory, some modern historians have criticized the plan of action proposed by Demosthenes. On the one hand, the costs arising from this plan would exceed Adzena's financial capabilities. On the other hand, from a strategic point of view, the proposed measures would be both ineffective and dangerous: the presence of Adzaian units in the north would not bother Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy at all, while the Adzaian army would be greatly endangered. With this view, the Adzaians would indeed be encouraged not to accept Demosthenes' opinion.

The first remark is not decisive at all. Demosthenes clearly states what it will cost to have 10 triremes and 2000 men permanently present near the Makedonian coast: he does not estimate the cost of the possible later dispatch of 50 triremes and many coplitas, but here we are dealing with assumed costs, which would only be incurred if one attack by the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy imposed them. In that case, the collection of an extraordinary tax could provide the necessary funds

The second remark is quite free. Sudden attacks by a small army can cause a lot of damage, even to a very strong country: it is enough for this small army to know how to take advantage of surprise. Furthermore, Demosthenes' plan is two-pronged: if frequent attacks by 2,000 soldiers fail to deter Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy from his attacks, a major campaign will be undertaken to force him to give up the seizure. A continued presence in the North would also act to protect and reassure its allies in the area and spark new connections..

The ultimate goal of these military actions is mentioned only once, and Demosthenes envisages two possibilities: the troops would have to endure, it saysј:

 „Until it suits us to negotiate or until we subdue our enemy". 

It is important to note that the first Philippic does not rule out the possibility of a future peace with the Macedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy: this proves that Demosthenes in 351 BC. not a belligerent and irresponsible avenger as some have thought, this especially shows that his follow-up to the proposals of Philocratas in 348-57 BC. it will not be a sudden reversal, but the outcome of a long reflection on the terms of peace. At the time of the first Philippic, however, Demosthenes thinks that peace is acceptable to Adzena only if the balance of power balances again in favor of Azena or, at least, if the territorial relationship stops changing in favor of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. If one wants peace, one should first prepare to wage war with determination.... ''si vis pace para belum'' - If you want peace, prepare for war - and from here we see that it is Roman and prescribed.


The years 351 and 350 BC. are years of rest for Adzians. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy certainly does not rest, but his campaigns take place far from Aga Sey (Aegean Sea), in Illyria and in Molossia. He also devotes a lot of time to the financial and military arrangement of Dzetsalia. While the Makedonian is consolidating his power, the Adzians, who are still at war with him, are enjoying all the advantages of peace. The revenue of the city increases; the port equipment of Piraeas and the monuments of the city have been restored; the rich no longer pay taxes (eisphora) and are again interested in using the mines; the poor enjoy more freebies.

Demosthenes is convinced that in the near future the expansion of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy will again immediately threaten Asiatic interests. Taking advantage of the temporary lull that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy leaves for Adzena, he advises his fellow citizens to completely overhaul their financial and military arrangements.

The speech "On finance

Among the numerous statements of Demosthenes on this subject, only the speech On Finances, delivered probably in 350, has been preserved to us. Demosthenes begins by siding neither with the proponents of monetary handouts, who he says only want to please the people, nor with the wealthy opponents of the principle of these handouts, who are indifferent to the fate of poor citizens. His program maintains the principle of "Olindzeionians" (After the Halchideon city Olindzeion, not ''Olynthiacs'').

OLINDZEIONIANS

1. Support of poor citizens by the city, but requires "every reward to be indivisible from some service rendered". 

Every citizen, young or old, will be sure to live decently in time of war and in time of peace, and the new system will have the advantage of securing the city's military power.
As for the revenue of the city, both that which you give yourselves and which are wasted in unnecessary expenses, and that of your allies, I say that they should be distributed so that each of you shall receive an equal share: for the adult citizens to they serve as a salary, for the oldest, or as a per diem for supervision, or for anything else they want. I also require that you serve personally, without ceding that right to anyone; to have an army which shall really be the army of the city, arranged by its means, so that you may at the same time live in peace and do the necessary.

This plan excludes recourse to mercenaries: the citizens themselves will fight and get paid. The plan of the speech bears similarities to the Spartan arrangement of the class of Equals, although Demosthenes is wary of making such a comparison. Demosthenes ends his speech by underlining the purpose of the reforms he proposes and their necessity: that is to enable Adzena to maintain her position in the castles below Dzermopole in the first place:
          It would be a shame, Adzaians and what a shame! to give up the glorious place which your fathers left you. After all, it is not in your power to give up things in the castles under Dzermopole, even if you wanted to. You have always done a lot; you have friends whom it would be dishonest to leave, enemies whom it is impossible to trust and whom you cannot let grow stronger. After all, what is happening now to your politicians, who cannot withdraw from things whenever they want, has happened to you too, because it is you who lead the politics in the castles below Dzermopole.

Demosthenes complains that his earlier proposals had met with little response, and that one minor detail of his "broad plan" held attention, a proposal to create a new daily allowance of two obols for some things. The speech seems to have had no more success either. Refusing any realignment, the Asiatics neglected to prepare for the continuation of the fighting and condemned themselves in advance to unpreparedness.

The first „Olindzeionian"

* Olindzeionians are called the three speeches of Demosthenes in relation to Olindzeion, the largest city on the Halkideon Peninsula Halki (Bracelets) - de (of D on) - on (Halkidiki), which was at the head of the League of Halkideon composed of separatist city-states on the northern Aegean coast.

In the early summer of 349 BC, the Macedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy judged that the time had come to conquer Halchidon. He sent an ultimatum to the inhabitants of Olindzeion, demanding that they hand over to him the two Makedonian refugees, his half-brothers Aridaoy and Menelaoy. The Olindzeionians refusal immediately provokes the Makedonian incursion. It is likely that the demand for surrender is just a pretext, but it cannot be completely ruled out that there were internal disturbances in Makdonia in 351/350 BC. and that the Olindzeionians received the two Argead princes with the intention of supporting their dynastic wishes against Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy.

The threatened inhabitants of Olindzeion seek an alliance with Adzena and her military aid. Demosthenes on this occasion utters his First Olindzeionian to strongly support the Olindzeion claim. According to him, the offer of an alliance from the powerful Confederation of Halkideon is an exceptional opportunity.

(2). The Adzaians must "give themselves fully to the war", giving their money generously, fighting in person, allowing no negligence". 

( 6). Demosthenes reminds the Adzaians of their ptethod inaction and their responsibility for the rise to the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy: "It was we, Adzaians, who made Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy stronger day by day, it was we who provided him with power such as he never had not a single ruler of Makedonia". 

(11). The desires of the Makedonian are limitless: if he gets to Olindzeion, "nothing will stop him from going where he wants", and the Adzaians, since they did not stop him "there", will have to fight him "here". The Adzaians should not behave like reckless "people who borrow at high interest": otherwise, they will have to "pay dearly for their carelessness". 

(15). Demosthenes' reasoning is mathematically rigorous. The development of the balance of power in favor of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is explained by the contrast between his action and the sluggishness to the Adzaians. If the opponents maintain the same views, it is certain that the development will continue "to the end". Since it is excluded that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy himself will put an end to his expansion (the desire to conquer is the passion of his life, says Demosthenes), only one change of behavior on the part of Adzaians can turn the course of history: so it is of vital importance that the Adzaians realize the danger and realize.

After this warning, Demosthenes lays out the plan of action. The Adzaians must send to the northern Aga SEy (the Aegean Sea) two units for a campaign, one to Halkideon to defend the threatened cities, the other to Makedonia to ravage the state of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. This double attack which is very similar to the one already proposed in the First Philippic according to Demosthenes is necessary to get Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy to raise the siege (17-18).

To pay the expenses of this double campaign, the Adzaians, Demosthenes declares, have more money at their disposal than all other nations:

If they want to use this money for war expenses, they need no other means" (§ 19). 

The allusion to the war fund is clear, but Demosthenes is careful to point out that he is not proposing any decree to use this money for military purposes (such a proposal would be illegal). After briefly recalling his plan for tax reform and lamenting that the people did not approve it, Demosthenes contented himself with proposing an extraordinary tax:
My idea is that we should prepare an army, have something to pay it with, and make it so that every one who took money, should do what he must do; you, on the contrary, are of the opinion that it is good to take money during the holidays without doing anything. Therefore, the only solution, in my opinion, is to establish a general tax: mandatory, if the cost should be large; limited, if he is small. Either way, money is needed; without money, nothing that is necessary can be done.


As in the first Philippic, Demosthenes concludes by underscoring the weight of the stake:

You have the choice today to either attack Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy at his place or be attacked by him at your place".

The second „Olindzeionian"

The Adzaians quickly made the alliance that the people of Olindzeion sought. This alliance should have been respected and help sent. It seems that a certain number of citizens were terrified by the idea of starting an active war again against the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. Therefore Demosthenes arranges the essence of his second Olindzeionian to show that the power of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is fragile.

The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy created his state with perjury and lies: those he deceived would rise against him at the slightest defeat, especially the Zetsalians. The Macedonians themselves are tired of the wars from which they suffer all the hardships and all the deprivations, while all the benefits are for Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. His court has only mediocre flatterers: the Makedonian, like all tyrants, hates virtuous people. His empire and country are "sick" and their weaknesses will only show if the Asians go decisively to war.

They remarked to Demosthenes that he exaggerates the weaknesses of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and especially that he does not know the attachment of the Makedonian soldiers to their ruler. However, it should be noted that the complaints attributed to Demosthenes herald the hostile speeches of the Makedonian soldiers against Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy.

But they, having no share in that which satisfies his self-love, crushed by these constant marches from country to country, suffer, live miserably, because they are prevented from working or staying at home, without even the opportunity to use it at will what they can earn, because the country's markets are closed because of the war. (It is evident that the Adzaians or Dmosten did not know or ignored that the army of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy was a paid army, that was their job).

We may ask whether Demosthenes has no notices of resentment among the enemy. Moreover, and especially, the comparison of the second Olindzeionian and the numerous speeches in which Demosthenes emphasizes that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is dangerous shows the deep harmony of his thought and his attitude. The Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy will not be stopped unless stopped, but he is neither invulnerable nor immortal and his power can be broken. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy were invincible, his fortune as constant as that of the gods, the fight against him would be hopeless. This is not the case: everything can change, for Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy as well as for Adzena, and this is what gives the clash that has begun all its fullness.

* The speeches of the Makedonian soldiers during the time of Vasileos Makedonon Alexandroy cannot be called hostile, because it is a request for their return home, due to exhaustion on the one hand and dissatisfaction due to the inclusion of Persians in the administration of the state and the army on the other hand. Otherwise, there is no other example in history of mutual trust, love and loyalty of the army towards its leader and such understanding by the army leader.


The third „Olindzeionian"

A little while after, while the Asai have not yet sent any help, Demosthenes pronounces the third Olindzeionian

He first seeks to dispel the self-delusions caused by a few braggarts who speak of "punishment to the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy". The immediate task is to "save the allies" and "this is enough for now". 

Moreover, if the Adzaians continue to avoid the necessary effort, it will not be Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy who will be threatened, but Adzenika. The diplomatic situation makes the threat very serious: if Olindzeion falls, neither the very weak Phocians nor the Dzevans, enemies of Adzena, will prevent Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy "from there showing them the weight of his weapons".

After this appeal to reality, Demosthenes immediately attacks the main legal obstacle to a decisive policy which is imposed by the "law of Eubulos for the theoricon". He calls for the introduction of a "nomoteti service" to repeal this harmful law, suggesting, no doubt mockingly, that the law's creators themselves provide the impetus for its repeal. A scathing criticism of Adzaians political habits follows, which is especially directed at Eubulos and his friends, but without naming them. Responsible for Adzena's inaction are the flatterers who appropriated the people's power and who turned the citizens into beneficiaries of social assistance:


'' Now, on the contrary, politicians are the ones who dispose of everything, everything is done through them; and you the people, enraged, deprived of your money and your allies, reduced to the condition of servants, being citizens after all, you are happy if they give you some of the show money, if they prepare a procession in the month of Boedromion; in the end, a trait of courage that surpasses all, you are grateful to them for giving you what is yours. As for them, having imprisoned you in this city, they engage you in quarrels and tame you to tame you
''.


** Boedromion is month in the Adzaian calendar = September.
*** In the original it says: These, after imprisoning you in this city, lead you to domesticate you by making you subject to them.

 Despite the third Olindzeionian, the people do not start a procedure to abolish the "law on theoricon". At the end of the summer the Adzaians send to Halkideon 38 trires and 2000 peltasts under the leadership of Hares. A little later, they order Charidemus who was then on the Ilepont (not ''hellespont'') to join Hares with his 18 trires, 4000 peltasts and 150 cavalry. The effort made by Adzena is not great, but these expeditionary companies are not an insignificant help to the inhabitants of Olindzeion: at the beginning of the spring of 348 BC, Charidemus took from the Makedonians the territories that they had conquered. Moreover, the inhabitants of Olindzeion can hope that this first support will be followed by more assistance. It is probable that in the spring of 348 BC the Adzaians would have heeded Demosthenes' advice at least in part and would have made a desperate effort to save Olindzeion if the disturbances on the island of Eyvoya had not drawn their attention.


Rebellion on Еyvoya

The cities of the island of Eyvoya entered the Adzaian confederation in 357 BC. after the failure of the Dzevan attempted surveillance over the large island (near both Adzenika and Voioa). The apparent peace of Eyvoya of 357 BC. was uncertain because of hostilities between Eyvoyans cities (especially between Halkis and Eretria) and because of the fighting of groups inside the cities. To maintain their influence, the Adzaians relied, according to the occasion, on the various currents and sometimes supported tyrants who were rumored to be pro-Adzaians like Plutarch of Eretria. Personal connections between the Adzaians speakers and Eyvoyans leaders also play an important role: Plutarch of Eretria is a friend of Media, an influential member of Eubulus' circle.
During the winter of 349/348 BC, a revolt breaks out in Eretria and the tyrant Plutarch is driven out. At the instigation of Medea and Eubulos, a small company of Asiatic coplites under Phocion is sent to Eyvoya to restore Plutarch to power. Despite his victory at Tamynae, Phocion soon finds himself in a difficult position as he has to face a general rebellion on Eyvoya. The march to the Adzaian army had the effect of uniting most of the Eyvoyans against Adzena. The uprising was led by a determined leader, Kallia of Kalkis, whose program consisted of three points:

- Eyvoy to the Eyvoyians,

- leadership of Kalkis, and

- power for Kalkis.

Plutarch himself, who had called the Adzaians to their aid, associates himself with their opponents.


No source says that Eyvoya's revolt was caused by the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, but this uprising is so convenient for him that the assumption could not be rejected. As early as 351 BC, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy tries to raise some Eyvoyans against Adzena; Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy (§ 37), Demosthenes inserts a letter from Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy to the Eyvoyans, especially "insolent" in relation to the Adzaians. Kalkis in any case seeks an alliance with the ruler of Macedonia; the latter agrees, promises him his own financial support and perhaps sends several companies.
The Adzaians, embroiled in two clashes on two different battlefields, must make a difficult strategic choice: should the Olinzeians be helped first, or should Eyvoya's rebellion be quelled? Demosthenes is a supporter of the first solution and one can easily form a picture of his thinking. Further delays in sending the Adzaian aid to Olindzeion risk the irretrievable loss of an important ally; when Olindzeion is saved, there will still be time to restore the Adzaian order to Eyvoya. True to his strictly defensive strategy, Eubulus has the opposite opinion: Olindzeion is far from Adzena, while Eyvoya is quite close and of primary interest to the security of the city. Eubul's opinion wins: the people vote to round up coplites and horsemen en masse and send them to Eyvoya.

The decree of Apollodoros

Fighting two wars at the same time is causing Aadzena great financial difficulties. Apollodoros.

The interference to the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy on the Peninsula of Dze.

The second ''Philippic''

In 346 the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy could not make a military campaign that would have imposed him as an arbiter in the political affairs of the Dze Peninsula, but the state of the Dze Peninsula gave him numerous opportunities to expand his influence in the area. Most of the city-states waged very fierce social and political struggles: in many cases, one of the groups (usually the oligarchic) sent a call to dominate its opponents. The oligarchs of Megara and Elis seem to have received funds and mercenaries from Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in 345 BC..

The threat that Sparta burdens its neighbors Metsenanon, Megapoliton and Argos represents a second chance for the ruler of Makedonia. Unable to count on Adzena, an ally of Sparta, nor on the weakened Dzeva, the cities that fear the restoration of Spartan power seek protection from the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy

An inscription mentioned by Didymus reveals to us that at the end of 345 BC. the inhabitants of Metsenanon and Megapoliton asked to be admitted to the Amfiktoiada: they met with refusal, (such a development would have diminished their importance), but it is possible that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy was inclined to such a transformation as would enable him to exercise supremacy over the entire Peninsula of Dze, starting with Delphi.

As the Spartans renewed their attacks against their neighbors in the spring of 344 BC, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy sent mercenaries to the aid of Metsenanon, and spread word that he himself was preparing to come to undertake a campaign against Sparta

(Phil., 2,  15). Demosthenes succeeds in being sent by the people as an envoy to the Peninsula of Dze and warns the inhabitants of Argos and Metsenanon against the Makedonian alliance; because of their trust in Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, the inhabitants of Olindzeion saw their city destroyed and the Dzetsalians lost their freedom.

 (Phil., 2,  20-23):

 „The only protection of democracies against tyrants is mistrust" (24).

Demosthenes fails to separate the inhabitants of Metsenanon, Argos and Megapoliton from the Makedonian alliance, but his action provokes a written objection from Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy who is surprised by the hostile behavior of his Adzaian "allies". While the Adzaians agree on the answer to be given to this letter by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, Demosthenes speaks his second Philippic

The second Philippic

Contrary to the first Philippic and to the Olindzeionians, this speech does not propose any immediate measure. Demosthenes probably knows that the Adzaeans will send a polite and conciliatory answer to the ruler of Macedonia, and in fact he does not see any harm in Adzena showing the same hypocrisy as Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. The second Philippic wants to influence the Adzaian opinion, it is an exposure of the short-term and long-term plans of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, and a declaration in favor of a policy of resistance based on distrust.

Demosthenes notes that, since the conclusion of the peace, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy has consistently supported the Dzevans and their allies from the Dze Peninsula to the detriment of the Adzaians' interests; the voices of misunderstanding between Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and Dzeva are completely unfounded for now. This bias of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is quite natural:

He knows that the Dzevans fought on the side of the barbarians /in 480 BC/ and that the people of Argos did nothing to stop them. That is why he is sure that both, concerned about their own interests, will not be concerned at all about the common interests of the Dze Peninsula. He tells himself that if he wants our friendship, he will have it only on the condition that he adheres to justice, while by associating with them, he will make them the helpers of his glory.

(Phil., 2 11-12)
The Asiatics are the only ones aware of and only concerned about common interests: these very harsh statements about others probably express Demosthenes' irritation after the failure of his diplomatic campaign on the Dze Peninsula. At the beginning of 344 BC, Adzena is as lonely as in the fall of 346 BC. The situation calls for caution. Demosthenes is wary of proposing military action against Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, but also asks the Adzaians to be aware of the gravity of the danger. In his afterword, he calls upon them to deal severely with the one responsible for the present state of things who had given Dzermople (Thermopylae) to Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy: it is clear that he is preparing to renew his process against Aeschines.

Persian Legation and Python's Task

Before launching a great campaign to end the secession of Egypt, the Great Ruler Artaxerxes Ochus sends a series of embassies to the cities. In Dzeva and Argos, the task of the Persian envoys is clear: they must obtain permission to collect mercenaries. The purpose of the Persian envoys in Adzena is different: forced to depopulate Adzenica somewhat due to his Egyptian campaign, the Achaemenid (Achaemenid is the name of the Persian ruling dynasty) ruler is afraid that the Makedonian ruler the Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy - Philip of Makedonia will use the gap thus created to launch a campaign against him in Adzenica. On such a supposition, he would wish the Adzaeans to renew hostilities in the Peninsula of Dze against the Makedonian: he promises them considerable sums to finance that war.

Fearing an agreement between the Great Ruler and the Azaeans against him, Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon sends one of his companions, Python of Py, to Adzena, charging him to make all the necessary promises to the Adzaeans to dissuade them from the Persian alliance. Python promises a review of the treaty of 346 BC. in accordance with the Adzaian wishes and is careful not to object to the demands expressed by the Adzaians. The assembly is seduced by his attractive propositions, and rejects the Persian offers with haughty words, evidently incited by the Philippians: the people pass a decree declaring that:

„The friendship of the Adzaians towards the Great Ruler continues, only if the Great Ruler does nothing against the Dze Peninsula" adding that "if the Great Ruler causes any disorder, the Adzaians will summon Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon and all of the Dze Peninsula against him".

Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon he achieved what he wanted.

Artaxerxes, rebuffed by the Adzaeans, liaises with the Makedonian court and perhaps makes a secret non-aggression pact.

Realizing that the Adzaians were increasingly misled by Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon, Demosthenes and Hegesippus avoided outright rejection of his offers of reconsideration, but instead urged the people to demand such significant changes that Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon would be forced to reject them. Prompted by Hegesippus, the Adzaians propose that the article referring to the ``status quo'' ("each shall preserve what he holds") be replaced by an article recognizing the legal rights of both parties ("each shall obtain that which belongs to him"). Such a text would allow the Adzaians to demand the return of Amphipoton and all the places that Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon had seized since his enthronement. This new wording is clearly unacceptable to the Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon:

''The ruler does not hide his bad mood and behaves very coldly towards the Adzaian negotiator Hegesippus''.

Opponents of Makedonia use the change in the attitude of the ruler and declare him a fraud, who promises a lot but who does not keep his word. The Vasileos Philippoy Makedonon again becomes unpopular in Adzena, but this turn of events occurs after the rejection of Persian proposals by the Adzaians. Basically, Python's task accomplished what it wanted.

The Trial of Philocratas and the Deputation Process

The hour seems to have come for Demosthenes and his friends to bring the most famous Philippians (supporters of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, they were precisely corrupt) to trial. Hyperidos undertakes an "eisangolia" against Philocratas expressed thus

As a speaker, he supports proposals contrary to the interests of the Adzian people, because he receives money and gifts from the enemies of the people."

The assembly votes in principle against Philocrates and Hyperides takes the case to court. Without waiting for the day of judgment, Philocrates prefers to leave Adzena. He is sentenced to death in absentia

In his speech against Ayshinas, Demosthenes presents the venality of Philocratas as a matter of common knowledge:

Not only did Philocratas often confess before you in the Assembly that he had taken bribes, but he also showed it to you by his actions, buying grain, building, even saying that he would have gone to Makedonia even if he had been elected by you, importing wood, exchanging gold in front of everyone.

(De falsa legatione,  14)
For his part, Aeschinas, far from defending Philocrates, tries to deny any connection with him. It is possible that Philocratas was at once corrupt, shameless and imprudent, but it cannot be excluded that in his absence he was much slandered: Demosthenes to try to damn Ayshinas with him, and Ayshinas to pass all the sins on him himself to unload from them.

The condemnation of Philocratas is a success for the opponents of Makedonia. Demosthenes continues the attack, ending the accusation of treason that he had begun against Ayshinas as early as 346 BC. The trial lasts a whole day. The prosecutor and the defense have 11 clepsydras each. Demosthenes' speech On the unfaithful deputation as we read it is extremely long, much longer than Ayshinas defense, so many interpreters assume that after the trial Demosthenes inserted a number of new statements into his text, with a view to its publication. The main points of the reasoning, however, were probably not changed.

Demosthenes marks his crowning points of the accusation as soon as he gets into the content:

Ayshin did not follow the instructions given to the deputies, he deceived the people with false reports, he contributed to the Asians missing opportunities and he did all these things because he was sold to the Makedonian the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy (§ 4-9). Demosthenes then recalls the hostility that Ayshinas first displayed towards Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy during the negotiations in 348-346 BC. The meaning of this initial recall is clear:

Demosthenes wants to imply that Ayshinas changed his policy so quickly and so completely only because he was bought by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy during his first stay at Bellas.

Without paying attention to the order of events, Demosthenes sets forth at length the appeasing and lying speeches that Ayshinas made after his return from the second legation, public speeches which later events apparently belied.

In an unconvincing manner, he claims that the decrees then passed by the Adzaians at the instigation of Ayshinas and Philocratas were the reason why the Phocians surrendered.

''If Ayshinas betrayed the interests of Adzana through stupidity and misunderstanding, Demosthenes declares, it would be just that he should be punished, for no fool is compelled to engage in politics. However, if Ayshinas had only acted out of stupidity and ignorance, he would have generously advised the people to set him free (§ 101). Ayshinas should be severely punished, because he sold himself to Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy to play the Adzaians. ''

For this key accusation, Demosthenes has no proof and relies on indicators.

Ayshinas sudden turn is clearly suspicious.

Ayshinas should have felt rage against Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy if the ruler had lied to him:

that is not the case (§ 103-110).

Demosthenes does not hesitate to mix things up: Aeschinas is Philocratas' accomplice; and Philocratas confessed that he had taken money; so also Ayshinas, zel. Demosthenes underlines the importance of the stake.

It is quite possible that these people claim that you will incur the hatred of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy a if you punish those whose embassies led to peace. I, on the other hand, if that is true, I don't see what else I could find, even with a lot of searching, that would accuse Ayshinas harder.

Indeed, if the man who spent money to bring about peace, if that man is now so dangerous and so powerful that henceforth you will have to forget oaths and justice to examine what pleasure you could give Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, what punishment those responsible for this should be brought forward to be punished as they deserve?

However, I believe I can even show that it is more likely to be the beginning of a beneficial friendship for you. Indeed it should be well known, Asiatics, that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy did not despise your country, that it was not because he judged you less useful than the Dzevans that he preferred them; but because he was informed by these people here and told them what I had already said in front of you in the Parliament without any of them denying me

The people are the most indeterminate and inconsistent thing in the world, like the restless waves of the sea moving without order; one comes, the other goes; no one cares or thinks about the common interest.

Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy should have friends who, at every opportunity, will act in your favor and accomplish what he himself would do and he will easily get everything he wants from you".

If Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, I suppose, understood that those who told him this were executed immediately after their return here, he would have acted as the (Persian) Great Ruler / after condemning to death the deputies whom he had bribed/.

(De falsa legatione,  134-137)
In other words, if the court punishes Aishin, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy will honestly ask for the friendship of the Adzian people instead of buying speakers to lie to them. Only then does Demosthenes approach the main point of his accusation, the course of the second legation. The procedure is skillful. When Demosthenes describes the game of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and the peculiar posture of the Adzaian envoys, he has already provided the judges with a key to interpreting Ayshinas' behavior: his venality.

In the second part of his speech, Demosthenes, through small strokes, directs a wide variety of attacks against his opponent's family, against his private life, and against his political behavior (179-314). He mocks especially the new conceit shown by Ayshinas and slyly hints that he has become an oligarch.:

He is now a landowner and a great person. Here is the reality. Before he caused our country all possible evils, he admitted that he was a scribe and thanked you for his election, he had an exemplary posture. After causing 1000 evils, he prostrates himself; say to him: "Ayshinas the former scribe," he is at once your enemy, and holds himself offended; he walks about the Agora, with a cloak drawn to his heels, with swollen cheeks, for henceforth he is your guest and friend of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, one of those people who want to get rid of democracy, who see only disorder and madness in the present state, he who used to fall on his face before the building of the prytans. (In the original it says "tholos". It is a building with a circular form in which the pritans sat.)

(De falsa legatione, 314)
Demosthenes then returns with vehemence to the strongest point of his proof, the exposure of Aeschinas' attitude during the second legation and after his return: thanks to Ayshinas and his accomplices, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy achieved his goals, without immediately spoiling himself reputation (§ 315-331). By condemning Ayshinas, the speaker concludes, the Adzaians will force Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy to adopt a more conciliatory attitude toward the people, or at least prevent him from finding other traitors to recruit. (§ 341-345).

Aeschinas's defense is very skillful.

He gives a very clear account of all the negotiations with Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy as they took place, which enables him to emphasize the cooperation of Demosthenes and Philocrates. He very quickly goes through the main remarks that Demosthenes makes to him: he is content to note that the main reason for the destruction of Phocis, is Fortuna (Fortuna the goddess of luck among the Romans, and among the Adzaians is ''Tykhe'', so this is a Roman transcript.) (131) and that the people shared his "feelings" (Ayshinas avoids saying his "delusions") about the intentions of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. Uncertain about the essentials, Ayshinas refutes Demosthenes' inaccuracies in detail:

''It is incorrect that Ayshinas made a speech unworthy of Adzena before the deputies of the 19th "1aphebolion", because they did not come ( 57-62);

It is not true that the procrastination of the second parliament was to blame for the defeat of Kersoblept, which occurred before ( 89-93).''

Unable to dismiss Demosthenes' strategic and political reasoning, Ayshinas is very adept at pointing out his exaggerations, his lies, and his subterfuges.

The incident with the Olindzeionian diaper gives him the opportunity for a victorious rebuttal. Demosthenes claims that during the second legation at Bellas, Ayshinas, at the end of a feast, ordered an Olynzean captive to be stripped and flogged. (Demosth., De falsa legatione, 196-200).

Demosthenes tries to obtain testimony from an inhabitant of Olindzeion named Aristophanes; the latter refuses, ... and testifies in favor of Aeschines that Demosthenes tried to extort false testimony from him. Ayshinas friends probably spread the word among the judges just before the trial, for Demosthenes was booed when he mentions the incident (Ayshinas., De legatione, §4). Ayshinas responds in an insulted tone to the personal attacks from Demosthenes: what a shame to attack his father, who contributed to the overthrow of the Thirty (Oligarchic government in Adzena established after its defeat by Sparta in 404.) (§ 147-148)!

''What a shame that a deserter like Demosthenes tries to condemn a brave fighter like him'' (Aeschinas uses the occasion to enumerate his campaigns) ( 167-170).

These angry objections do not prevent Ayshinas from interspersing his speech with malicious stories about his opponent's private life. He especially repeats the shameful, oft-repeated, gossip about the married life of the great orator

Demosthenes moved his lover Knossion under his roof, and his wife, indignant, took her revenge by becoming Knossion's mistress; the marriage of Demosthenes was a marriage between three.

Ayshinas is acquitted, but narrowly, with only a 30-vote majority.

The sloppiness and dishonesty of Demosthenes' accusation probably irritated several judges; the absence of obvious evidence of Ayshinas's venality probably induced several others to leniency; the testimonies of Eubulos and Phocion undoubtedly went in his favor. However, the acquittal of Ayshinas, after the condemnation of Philocrates, reflects the division of Adzaian opinion and its wavering. Many Adzaians, however disappointed and irritated by the failure of the review of the terms of the peace, are still hesitant to completely condemn the conciliatory policy towards Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy whose chief spokesman is Ayshinas.

New proposals of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy; The speech about Halones


The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy still continues his interference in the Dze Peninsula. In 343 BC, he militarily supported his followers in Oreos and Eretria on Eyvoya. In the autumn of the same year, he replaces the ruler of Moloosia Aribai with the young brother of Olympia, Alexander of Moloosia, whom he raised at the court in Makedonia and to whom he is very close (evil tongues portray him as the boy's heresy). At the beginning of spring he undertakes, in principle at Alexander's expense, the conquest of the cities of Cassopia (to the northwest of the Ambracian Gulf). His intention is probably to go to the Gulf of Qudze; then he could transfer armies to the Dze Peninsula without worrying about the Dzevans and Adzaians, whose possible resistance would be bypassed from the west. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's plans are foreseen in time: Ambracia, the Acarnanians and the Phocians seek an alliance with Adzena, who immediately agrees and sends troops to Acarnania. In the face of this determined resistance, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy did not make an effort and returned to Makedonia.

Taught by this Adzaian meddling, the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy fears that Adzena will succeed in rallying against him the city-states and peoples threatened by his avarice. On the contrary, he sees in the release of Ayshinas an encouraging sign: perhaps not all hope is lost for the restoration of trust in relations with the Adzaians. The capture of the island of Halones by the Makedonian fleet gives the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy an opportunity for generous behavior: since this small island belonged to the Adzaians before the pirates appropriated it, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy proposes to give it to the Asians. In the same letter, he proposes to resolve all minor conflicts between Adzena and Makedonia:

'' He proposes to arbitrate the question of the Thracian places he has seized, as well as the border dispute between the inhabitants of Cardia and the clergy of Ilepont. He proposes the conclusion of a trade agreement and joint action against piracy in Aga Sey (Aegean Sea).

Finally, he proposes that all of the Se Peninsula have the opportunity to join the peace of Philocrates: having retreated south of Dzermopole, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is quite disposed to a common peace that would confirm his leading position.''

A discussion begins in the Parliament. Some speakers declare that this letter is a "good text," but Demosthenes and Hegesippus persuade the people to oppose it by clearly rejecting all of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's proposals. Regarding Halones, both emphasize that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy should give them return the island to the Adzaians (apodounai), not give it to them (dounai).

Ayshinas, in notes to Demosthenes that Adzena quarreled with Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy "quarrelling over syllables".

The rejection of all proposals of the ruler by the Adzian Assembly testifies to the growing rise of anti-Makedonian speakers; the politics of resistance wins over the conciliatory politics preached by the ''Philippists''. Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy realizes that the development of the Adzaian opinion is not in his favor and gives up his attempts to win it over..

The letters he continues to send to the Adzaians are no longer declarations of friendship or offers of concessions, but objections and threats.

The Adzaian seizure

At the end of 342 BC. an immediate clash between Adzena and the Macedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is not yet in sight. However, the Adzaian intervention in Acarnania earlier in the year cemented Adzena's reputation; In many city-states, Makedonia's opponents, and especially the Democrats, are increasing their influence thanks to the hope in the Adzaian support. Adzena emerges from its diplomatic isolation, and Demosthenes develops numerous connections with the intention of expanding the city's network of alliances. The Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, however, threw himself into conquering all of eastern Thrace as far as the Pyanon Sea (Black Sea). This campaign, which threatens the sea straits from Ilepont to Pyon, worries both the Asians and the cities in the area..


To strengthen their position on the Ilepont, the Adzaians as early as 343 BC. they sent new clergy to the peninsula; a squad of mercenaries placed under the command of the strategist Diopite is tasked with protecting their settlement. Most of the cities of Ilepont gladly accept the reinforcement of clerics. But Cardias, an ally of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy since at least 346 BC, summons the ruler of Makedonia who, having proposed a procedure of arbitration, which the Asians refused, sends several detachments to support her. In revenge, and also because he needed to pay his army, Diopaitus plundered more Thracian places from Vasileondon of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. Making his case more difficult, he tortures and blackmails the Makedonian deputy who came to ask him to release the captives. In the spring of 341, Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy addressed a letter of protest to the Adzaians, in which he specifically demanded the impeachment of Diopaitus.

Some Adzaian speakers appreciate that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's transfers are justified, that his claim is justified, and that refusing to heed it will lead to war.

Demosthenes in his speech On the Illepont, delivered on this occasion, vehemently opposes such an assessment:

Very often, Adzaians, I wonder what is usually said here; yet I was never (surprised) more than yesterday, when I heard, in the Council of 500, someone declare that you should be clearly given a choice between two possibilities: either war or peace..., no doubt, the choice is possible if the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, for his part, wants to be peaceful, if he does not retain, despite the agreement, anything that is ours, if he does not incite everyone against you; in that case, yes, let's say nothing, let's live in peace; and I see well that, for your part, you are also prepared for it.

But if our mutual oaths; if the terms of the peace which we have accepted are before our eyes, if their text remains written, and if, in spite of this, it is evident that from the first day, before the departure of Diopait, before the sending of the clergy who are today alleged to be the causes of the war , the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, against all right, seized many of our dominions, and your accusatory decrees are here, still valid, to confirm it, if indeed, since then, he has not ceased to appropriate to himself what they belongs to other countrymen and barbarians to use against us, what is the meaning of this declaration, that we should make war or peace?
Hey, no, we don't have to make this choice; one other option remains for us, an option which justice and necessity dictate, and that is to defend ourselves against the advancing bully.

(De Chersoneso, 4 - 7)
From a legal point of view, Demosthenes' accusation is incorrect: the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy had until then carefully guarded against violating any of the provisions of Philocrates' peace (at least not the one he swore to three months after the Adzaians), while Diopaitus is perpetrator of several major offenses.

His assessment of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's overall strategy, on the contrary, underscores the obvious: Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's expansion in all directions threatens Adzena. Demosthenes does not deny that Diopaitus might have made a few outbursts (mitigation is obligatory), there will always be time to punish him, if need be, in the hour of rendering accounts. But it would still be disastrous to recall the detachments sent by Diopaitus, as some suggest: it would mean giving up the Illepont and the whole region of the straits to Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy.

Demosthenes predicts that the inhabitants of Py (not Byzantion), for the time being deaf to the offer of alliance from the Asiatics, will themselves immediately call upon them when Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy besieges them. It is futile to send detachments when Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy has already attacked, his attacks should be prevented by a military presence on the spot.

The opinion of Demosthenes is approved by the Council and the Assembly: Diopaitus and his mercenaries are detained on the Illepont.

The third Philippic

In the speech On Illepont, Demosthenes justifies his support of Diopatheus by the necessity of obstructing the will to power to the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. 

The third Philippic, delivered a few weeks later, takes up and expands on the exposure of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy's deeds and gloating, and proposes a set of military and diplomatic measures to preserve Adzena's freedom. Every session of the Assembly, or almost every session, gives rise to debates about Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. It seems that no one dares anymore to support that Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy is right, but many speakers are warning the people about the dangers of a policy that leads to war.

To praise the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy has become inappropriate, to celebrate peace is very desirable. Demosthenes accepts that peace is preferable to war, but the Adzaians should not be deceived by the words used by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. They can, if they like, imitate his hypocrisy, but it is important that they are discerning:

''f our adversary, who has arms in hand and surrounds himself with considerable forces, covers himself with the word peace, while at the same time giving himself up to war, what remains for us to do but defend ourselves?

If you still like to say, like him, that you will remain silent in spite of this, I will not be the one to oppose it. Only, to understand as a state of peace the condition which will enable Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, after he has taken possession of all that remains, to come and attack us at home, that is first pure madness; and it is only to call that what is undoubtedly peace for him if it depends on us, but it is by no means for us if it depends on him''.

(Phil., Ill,  8-9)
The interventions or intentions of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in Megara, in Eyvoya, in Thrace, in the Peninsula of Dze are "warlike acts" against Adzena (18). 

Demosthenes then expands his analysis and suggests that the people "debate the interests of all the countrymen, for they are in great danger." If one compares the rule of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy with the rulers of the past, what is surprising is the inaction of the countrymen against the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy: they did not accept the injustices of the Adzaians and Lacedaemonians in the past, but they concede to Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy "the right to act arbitrarily, to damage and destroy at will, all the countrymen, one after another, to attack cities and enslave them" ( 22).

Demosthenes, in relation to the city-states, takes up an argument he had already developed in the First Philippic regarding Adzena, which he blames for the successes of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy:

''The will to power is natural, not resisting the wars of others is a disease with fatal consequences''.

He attributes the responsibility for the evil to politicians bribed by Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. The explanation may seem insufficient. In fact, refusing to see that the negligence of the city-states could have arisen from a decadence of their character or from a lesser attachment to liberty, he also casts doubt on all the citizens of the various citye states.

''Corruption would be less developed if the people continued to punish corrupt individuals with the same severity.''

The influence of bribed orators would be less, if the people would not listen to their flattery and their harmful counsels: the more agreeable it is to believe that a state of peace continues, and that all exertion is unnecessary... (§ 64).

City states must urgently change their habits. It is in the nature of the Adzaians to fight back and encourage other cities states to fight back. They must establish the widest possible network of alliances. Demosthenes even proposes to send envoys to the ruler of Persia, "for he also has an interest, not to allow Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy to put everything under his authority" (§ 71).

They must at the same time prepare triremes, money, troops: this military effort is necessary if they want their diplomatic moves to be taken seriously.   


The work of Demosthenes and other sources on the orator 295 of the orator, but, if Didymus is to be believed, an imitation by the historian Anaximenes of Lampsacus, included in the 8th book of his Philippics.

The fourth Philippic

Finally, The fourth Philippic is sometimes regarded as a later imitation, since it literally takes some developments from other speeches of Demosthenes. The reasoning is not convincing: any speaker engaged in a difficult political struggle must repeat himself if he is to convince.

Delivered and preserved speeches

Today, the speeches of our politicians are recorded and usually published in the Official Gazette or in the press. In the 5th century in Adzena there is nothing similar. Demosthenes did not even have, like Cicero, a slave stenographer to record his speeches as he delivered them. In Adzena, an unprepared speech, whatever its immediate political effect, is irretrievably lost to the future.

It is known that Demosthenes did not like to speak unprepared. He carefully prepared most of his speeches in Parliament and in court, but this does not mean that he completely wrote all his speeches. The collection of 49 Prologues preserved in several manuscripts allows us to enter a little into the "workshop of the orator". Knowing that the approach to the subject matter is most important, he prepared in advance a whole series of introductions to answer the most common cases (some of these introductions do not fit of the preserved speeches).

Other 4th-century Philippics are also lost, namely that of Anaximenes of Lampsacus (c. 380-320), who was particularly concerned with the events at Adzena and who introduced into his history an imitation of Demosthenes, successful enough to be included in the collection of Demosthenes. The general history of Ephorus 46 (405-330 BC), which begins with the return of the Araclides (in 1104 BC, according to him), continues to the siege of Berintion (not Perinh ) by the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in 340 BC. The last books of this very famous work in Antiquity were attributed to Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy and Demosthenes, but we have no surviving part.

Some local histories of Adzenica (not Attica) finally give prominence to the struggle of Demosthenes against Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy. This is especially the case with the Adzaian History (Atidata - Atthis) by Philochorus (ca. 340-261 BC). This author, the last great Adzenika historian, is also a patriotic democrat who played an important role during the revolt against Makedonia in 268-261 BC. (The Chremonides War). The precious data afforded us by the rare extant portions of the 6th book of the Atidata (Attis) 48 make us regret the loss of the rest of the work.

Among the later historians whose work has survived to us, Diodorus of Sicily (c. 90-20 BC) covers the period from 360 to 336 BC.. in his 16 book, but he devotes as much space to the events in the East and Sicily as to those in the Peninsula of Dze and Makedonia. His account, which describes events year by year, provides a valuable timeline, but contains curious gaps: Diodorus, for example, recounts the capture of Elatea, but says nothing about the case of Amphisa or the fourth holy war that led to the involvement of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy in Akarania.

As for the Philippics of Trogus Pompeii (1st century BC), their title may be deceiving, for it is a General History known to us only through the excessive abridgment of Justin (probably from the 3rd c. AD). Books 7 to 9, which depict the reign of Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy, detail the ruler's abuses, fines and debauchery, which is certainly not without interest, but they convey in a confused way the political and military advances of the Makedonian ruler.

The rarity and mediocrity of surviving histories of the reign of the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy contrasts with the number and abundance of sources devoted to Demosthenes himself.

We actually have numerous biographical notes on Demosthenes. The two most detailed "Biographies" are that of Plutarch (c. 50-125 AD), which compares Demosthenes and Cicero, and the one found in the "Biographies of the Ten Orators." In addition, many young people who studied the work of Demosthenes in seminary schools needed introductions, notes, interpretations, and dictionaries. Among the large number of interpretations devoted to Demosthenes by speakers from the 4th century to the Pomeian (not "byzantine") period, we will mention only a few particularly interesting works.
The precious historical interpretation of the Alexandrian history interpreter Didymus (ca. 80-10 BC) is known to us through large portions found on papyrus.
Dionysus of Halicarnassus (a contemporary of Augustus)'s On the Style of Demosthenes enthusiastically explains the reasons why Demosthenes is the greatest Adzaian prose writer. 

The first 1. 302 The Work of Demosthenes and Other Sources on the Orator letter to Ammaeus, in which Dionysus tries to establish the date of Demosthenes's major speeches, is even more important for the historian. Dionysus contrasts Demosthenes' texts with the historical accounts at his disposal, especially the Attis of Philochorus. The procedure is excellent in its principle, but Dionysus gives us only the result of his searches, never the reasoning that led him to it. Some of his conclusions indicate that he always did not fully understand the political and strategic significance of Demosthenes' text. One can be a great literary critic without fully understanding the problems of foreign policy.
In the 4th century, the great orator Libanius composed an introductory note for each speech, which briefly indicated the circumstances and the commitment. These highly regarded notes are taken up in many manuscripts of Demosthenes.
After a hiatus, interpretations of Demosthenes began again during the Pomeranian Renaissance, represented especially by Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 886 and a great lover of classical Asian literature: Photius dedicated an excellent note to Demosthenes in his Library (490-495).

 

The Adzeian (AIΣXINHE - AISHINAS) Demosthenes

If you Demosthenes had as much power as your mind, they would never have ruled the Adzeians (Danai's), the warlike Makedonians from the Adzeian (After 80 BC - ATHENA - Athens) monument to Demosthenes 

 

 

" The Adzeians (Danai's it was still there then Danai's - After 80 BC - ATHENA - Athens) and their allies ... at every opportunity cursed Philip (the Makedonian ruler Vasileos Makedonon Philippoy), his family and his kingdom, his forces on land and at sea, as well as the entire race and name of the Makedonians . " - Titus Livius - the historian Tito Livius - lived from 59 BC. to 17 AD , means that when "reforms" have already been made by Octavian, it means that he has already named after the "new" reforms.

 

 

 

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        BACИЛEOH Alexandroy Makedonon  МАКЕДОНОН

MAKEDONONАЛEКCAHДРОЈMAKEDONON

Македонско Име вечно нема да загине.
Глава даваме, Македонија и Mакедонско име не даваме.

Од Македонија и Алекcандрoj Македонон, славeн Василeoн Македон нема да се откажеме.
Cлава македонска ќе повратиме,
Алекcандрoj Македонон славен Василeoн Македон обожaваме,
Македонија, земја нај мила уважуваме.

Малку сме на број, ЕЈ, ХЕЈ,
силни сме во бој, ЕЈ, ХЕЈ.
ЕЈ, Алекcандрoj, OJ, OJ,
ЕЈ, Македонон, OH, OH.
Алекcандрoj Македонон славен Василeoн Македон, нас не предводи.